Section 14 of 32
HORMONAL PROFILING
Langgeng Priyanto, Imam Mustofa, Aswin Rafif Khairullah, Rimayanti Rimayanti, Deddy Fachruddin Kurniawan, Agung Budiyanto, Oktora Dwi Putranti, Giovani Meyrza Oka Putra Caesar, Jumaryoto Jumaryoto, Adeyinka Oye Akintunde, Bima Putra Pratama, Riza Zainuddin Ahmad, Wasito Wasito, and Saifur Rehman · about 1 minutes
Hormonal measurements are critical for understanding reproductive dynamics, particularly LH surge timing and luteal function [132, 133]. Practical field interpretation requires frequent sampling during the peri-estrus period (every 2–4 h, 12–36 h after estrus onset) to detect the LH surge; failure to detect the peak may indicate delayed or absent ovulation [2, 134]. Progesterone measurements, optimally 5–7 days post-estrus or insemination, confirm CL formation [135–137]. Although hormonal profiling provides mechanistic insight, costs, laboratory infrastructure, and sample processing limit routine field application [138].