Work overview

Section 05 of 32

ETIOLOGICAL FACTORS

Delayed ovulation in cattle: Physiological mechanisms, diagnostic approaches, and reproductive management strategies

Langgeng Priyanto, Imam Mustofa, Aswin Rafif Khairullah, Rimayanti Rimayanti, Deddy Fachruddin Kurniawan, Agung Budiyanto, Oktora Dwi Putranti, Giovani Meyrza Oka Putra Caesar, Jumaryoto Jumaryoto, Adeyinka Oye Akintunde, Bima Putra Pratama, Riza Zainuddin Ahmad, Wasito Wasito, and Saifur Rehman · 2026

Contents

Section 05 of 32

  1. 01INTRODUCTION
  2. 02REVIEW METHODOLOGY
  3. 03PHYSIOLOGICAL BASIS OF OVULATION IN CATTLE
  4. 04PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF DELAYED OVULATION
  5. 05ETIOLOGICAL FACTORS
  6. 06NUTRITIONAL FACTORS
  7. 07ENVIRONMENTAL AND MANAGEMENT FACTORS
  8. 08ANIMAL-RELATED FACTORS
  9. 09ENDOCRINE AND METABOLIC DISORDERS
  10. 10INFECTIOUS AND INFLAMMATORY CAUSES
  11. 11CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS AND REPRODUCTIVE IMPACTS
  12. 12DIAGNOSTIC APPROACHES
  13. 13ULTRASONOGRAPHY
  14. 14HORMONAL PROFILING
  15. 15BEHAVIORAL AND ESTRUS DETECTION TOOLS
  16. 16MOLECULAR OR BIOMARKER APPROACHES
  17. 17COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS WITH OTHER REPRODUCTIVE DISORDERS
  18. 18DELAYED OVULATION VS COD
  19. 19DELAYED OVULATION VS SILENT HEAT
  20. 20DELAYED OVULATION VS ANOVULATION
  21. 21MANAGEMENT AND TREATMENT STRATEGIES
  22. 22HORMONAL THERAPIES
  23. 23NUTRITIONAL MANAGEMENT
  24. 24ENVIRONMENTAL AND STRESS MANAGEMENT
  25. 25POSTPARTUM MANAGEMENT
  26. 26ASSISTED REPRODUCTION TECHNOLOGIES
  27. 27FUTURE DIRECTIONS AND RESEARCH GAPS
  28. 28LIMITATIONS
  29. 29CONCLUSION
  30. 30DATA AVAILABILITY
  31. 31GENERATIVE AI DECLARATION
  32. 32AUTHORS’ CONTRIBUTIONS
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Work overview

Section 5 of 32

ETIOLOGICAL FACTORS

Langgeng Priyanto, Imam Mustofa, Aswin Rafif Khairullah, Rimayanti Rimayanti, Deddy Fachruddin Kurniawan, Agung Budiyanto, Oktora Dwi Putranti, Giovani Meyrza Oka Putra Caesar, Jumaryoto Jumaryoto, Adeyinka Oye Akintunde, Bima Putra Pratama, Riza Zainuddin Ahmad, Wasito Wasito, and Saifur Rehman · about 1 minutes

Original source ↗

Delayed ovulation in cattle is a condition triggered by various factors, including nutrition, environment, the animal's physiological condition, endocrine–metabolic disorders, and the presence of infections or inflammatory processes [45]. Rather than acting in isolation, these factors often interact, whereby nutritional deficiencies can exacerbate endocrine imbalances, environmental stressors may amplify inflammatory responses, and physiological condition influences susceptibility to both metabolic and infectious triggers.

A comprehensive understanding of these interconnected triggers is essential for developing effective prevention and management strategies to improve reproductive efficiency [46]. Table 1 presents a summary of the etiologic factors contributing to delayed ovulation in cattle.