IOFC

IOFC values were significantly affected by treatment and breed (p < 0.05), whereas the treatment × breed interaction was not significant (p > 0.05). Among treatments, T2 produced the highest average IOFC, followed closely by T3, whereas T4 exhibited slightly lower economic efficiency despite relatively high LWG.

Madrasin bulls achieved a higher average IOFC (IDR 42,083/day) than Madura bulls (IDR 36,333/day). The absence of significant breed × treatment interactions for growth and economic variables indicated that both breeds responded similarly to the dietary treatments. Therefore, treatment effects could be interpreted independently of breed effects under the conditions of the present study. These findings confirm the economic advantage of Madrasin cattle in fattening systems, although the implications for the conservation of indigenous Madura cattle remain important from the perspective of genetic resource preservation [25].