2. Literature Review

A comprehensive literature review was conducted using PubMed to identify publications relevant to prostate cancer management in the setting of perianal fistula. Search terms included combinations of keywords such as “prostate cancer,” “localized prostate cancer,” “perianal fistula,” “fistula‐in‐ano,” “radiation therapy,” “intensity‐modulated radiation therapy,” “image‐guided radiation therapy,” “radical prostatectomy,” “brachytherapy,” “seton,” and “fistulectomy.” The search was limited to papers written in English. Although we found several results for prostate cancer and perianal fistula individually, we found no publications that listed a concurrence of prostate cancer and perianal fistula in patients. We then reviewed relevant publications and their references.