11. Future Perspective of Marine Pastures

With the emergence of the Smart Earth ideology and the rapid progression of science and technology, there has been a transformative impact on the evolution of marine pastures, moving towards reliance on information and digital intelligence [172]. The smart advancement of contemporary sea fields is an inexorable movement that tackles the deficiencies of conventional human activities in terms of consistency, area coverage, effectiveness, and security. Its involvement is essential in revamping the national fishery sector and fostering sustainable expansion within the marine economy, all while supporting the establishment of a green, low‐carbon ecological system [139]. Integrating traditional acoustic monitoring with localized optics has significantly improved the development of marine pastures, particularly for fisheries cultivation. The underwater acoustic detection method offers high efficiency, speed, minimal environmental impact, and a wide detection range [194]. Various frequency transducers analyze fish characteristics based on specific research parameters, such as size and activity area [195]. Artificial neural networks can train models to identify individual fish using optical images based on their unique features. This technology has enabled the creation of a fish culture tracking system that is effective even in challenging conditions [196]. There is now a system for spotting, following, and tallying fish in slow‐paced underwater settings through low‐resolution video footage. While this model can adaptively update the background, it has a notable false‐detection rate. In the marine environment, wireless technology and sensor networks are essential for improving the efficiency of real‐time monitoring applications [197]. China has started creating marine pastures, but certain constraints must be resolved. Shandong Ocean Pasture incorporates cutting‐edge CAN bus technology [198], enabling real‐time monitoring of multifactorial hydrological data and high‐definition video from the seabed. Despite this progress, obstacles remain, including steep operational and expansion costs, a scarcity of seabed measuring stations, and limitations on depth exploration [199].