Conclusion

In summary, this study successfully developed an RVG-EXO formulation and demonstrated its ability to efficiently target the CNS. By inhibiting RPTOR expression, it activates autophagic flux, ultimately achieving comprehensive therapeutic outcomes in AD models, including alleviating pathology, protecting neurons, and improving cognitive function. This work not only provides a promising novel biological agent for the targeted treatment of AD but also opens a new mechanistic perspective on how youthful circulating factors modulate aging-associated disorders.