Full report

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NASA Technical Memorandum 104566, Vol. 18 SeaWiFS Technical Report Series Stanford B. Hooker, Editor Goddard Space Flight Center Greenbelt, Maryland Elaine R. Firestone, Technical Editor General Sciences Corporation Laurel, Maryland Volume 18, SeaWiFS Technical Report Series Cumulative Index: Volumes 1-17 Elaine R. Firestone General Sciences Corporation Laurel, Maryland Stanford B. Hooker Goddard Space Flight Center Greenbelt, Maryland National Aeronautics and Space Administration Goddard Space Flight Center Greenbelt, Maryland 20771 1995

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This publication is available from the NASA Center for AeroSpace Information, ] 800 Elkridge Landing Road, Linthicum Heights, MD 21090-2934, (301) 621-0390. i

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E.R. Firestone and S.B. Hooker ABSTRACT The Sea-viewing Wide Field-of-view Sensor (SeaWiFS) is the follow-on ocean color instrument to the Coastal Zone Color Scanner (CZCS), which ceased operations in 1986 after an eight-year mission. SeaWiFS is expected to be launched in 1995 on the SeaStar satellite, being built by Orbital Sciences Corporation (OSC). The SeaWiFS Project at the National Aeronautics and Space Administration's (NASA) Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), has undertaken the responsibility of documenting all aspects of this mission, which is critical to the ocean color and marine science communities. This documentation, entitled the SeaWiFS Technical Report Series, is in the form of NASA Technical Memorandum Number 104566. This particular volume serves as a reference, or guidebook, including: an errata, an addendum (summaries of various All reports published are volumes within the series. to the previous 17 volumes and consists of 6 sections SeaWiFS Working Group Bio-optical Algorithm and Protocols Subgroups Workshops, and other auxiliary information), an index to key words and phrases, a list of all references cited, and lists of acronyms and symbols used. It is the editors' intention to publish a cumulative index of this type after every five volumes in the series. Each index covers the topics published in all previous editions, that is, each new index includes all of the information contained in the preceeding indices. 1. INTRODUCTION This is the third in a series of indices, published as a separate volume in the Sea-viewing Wide Field-of-view Vol. 10: R.H. Woodward, R.A. Barnes, W.E. Esaias, (SeaWiFS) Technical Report Series, and covers information found in the first 17 volumes of the series. The Report Series is written under the National Aeronautics and Space Administration's (NASA) Technical Memorandum Vol. 9: W.W. Gregg, F. Chen, A. Mezaache, J. Chen, and J. Whiting, The Simulated Sea- WiFS Data Set. W.L. Barnes, A.T. Mecherikunnel, Modeling of the Sea WiFS Solar and Lunar Observations. (TM) Number 104566. The volume numbers, authors, and Vol. 11: F.S. Patt, C.M. Hoisington, W.W. Gregg, and titles are as follows: Vol. 1: S.B. Hooker, W.E. Esaias, G.C. Feldman, Vol. 12: E.R. Firestone and S.B. Hooker, SeaWiFS W.W. Gregg, and C.R. McClain, An Overview of SeaWiFS and Ocean Color. Vol. 2: W.W. Gregg, Analysis of Orbit Selection for Vol. 13: C.R. McClain, J.C. Comiso, R.S. Fraser, J.K. Sea WiFS: Ascending vs. Descending Node. Vol. 3: C.R. McClain, W.E. Esaias, W. Barnes, B. Guenther, D. Endres, S.B. Hooker, B.G. Mitchell, and R. Barnes, SeaWiFS Calibra- Vol. 14: J.L. Mueller, The First SeaWiFS Intercalition and Validation Plan. Vol. 4: C.R. McClain, E. Yeh, and G. Fu, An Analysis of GAC Sampling Algorithms: A Case Vol. 15: W.W. Gregg, F.S. Patt, and R.H. Woodward, Study. Vol. 5: J.L. Mueller and R.W. Austin, Ocean Optics Vol. 16: Mueller, J.L., B.C. Johnson, C.L. Cromer, Protocols for SeaWiFS Validation. Vol. 6: E.R. Firestone and S.B. Hooker, SeaWiFS Technical Report Series Cumulative Index: Volumes 1-5. P.L. Coronado, Analysis of Selected Orbit Propagation Models. Technical Report Series Cumulative Index: Volumes 1-11. Firestone, B.D. Schieber, E-n. Yeh, K.R Arrigo, and C.W. Sullivan, Case Studies for Sea- WiFS Calibration and Validation, Part 1. bration Round-Robin Experiment, SIRREX-1, July 1992. The Simulated SeaWiFS Data Set, Version 2. J.W. Cooper, J.T. McLean, S.B. Hooker, and T.L. _Vestphal, The Second Sea WiFS Intercalibration Round-Robin Experiment, SIR- REX-2, June 1993. Vol. 7: M. Darzi, Cloud Screening for Polar Orbiting Vol. 17: Visible and IR Satellite Sensors. Vol. 8: S.B. Hooker, W.E. Esaias, and L.A. Rexrode, Proceedings of the First SeaWiFS Science Team Meeting. Abbott, M.R., O.B. Brown, H.R. Gordon, K.L. Carder, R.E. Evans, F.E. Muller-Karger, and W.E. Esaias, Ocean Color in the 21st Century: A Strategy for a 20- Year Time Series.

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SeaWiFSTechnicalReportSeriesCumulative Index: Volumes 1-17 This volume within the series serves as a reference, guidebook, to the aforementioned volumes. It consists or 3. Note: Previously in the SeaWiFS Technical Report Seof ries, mention was made of the tilt and nadir versions of the four main sections included with the first two indices the MODIS instrument--the so-called MODIS-T and a cumulative MODIS-N variations, respectively. As of this writing, published, Volumes 6 and 12, in the series: acronyms, only the MODIS-N instrument will be developed and index to key words and phrases, a glossary of references launched. In this, and all subsequent volumes of this a list of symbols used, and a bibliography of all and series of technical memoranda, MODIS refers to this cited in the series. In addition, as in Volume 12, errata and nadir version of the instrument. addenda sections have been added to address issues needed corrections that have come to the editors' attention 4. In Volume 13 of the SeaWiFS Technical Report Series, since the volumes were first published. "Case Studies for SeaWiFS Calibration and Validation, The nomenclature of the index is a familiar one, in the Part 1," Equation 19 was printed as: sense that it is a sequence of alphabetical entries, but it uti- Io-I2 lizes a unique format since multiple volumes are involved. A - some Io ' Unless indicated otherwise, the index entries refer to aspect of the SeaWiFS instrument or project, for example, ---- 1 -exp[ -fox ]. (19) the mission overview index entry refers to an overview the SeaWiFS mission. An index entry is composed of a keyword or phrase followed by an entry field which directs the reader to the possible locations where a discussion the keyword can be found. The entry field is normally made up of a volume identifier shown in bold face, followed by a pages identifier, which is always enclosed parentheses: keyword, volume(pages). volume eight assumptions should read: If an entry is the subject of an entire volume, the field is shown in slanted type without a page field: keyword, Vol. #. For the first time in the series of indices, an entry can be of Lu0 + uJ The correct equation should read: of Io- I2 A - Io ' in ____l_exp[_Vox(l+l)] " (19) 5. In Volume 3, page 34, under Section 3.5, the list of 1) For a given scene, the aerosol type, as characterized by the/_ngstrSm exponents, are constant. In the global CZCS processing, the /_ngstr6m exponents for all scenes were 0.1, 0, and 0 for the subject of a complete chapter, as in the chapters found 443, 520, and 550nm, respectively. These valin Volume 13. In this instance, both the volume number ues imply almost no wavelength dependence in and chapter number appear without a page field: keyword, Vol. # ch. #. sum- 2) Lw(670) was assumed to be zero everywhere. Figures or tables that provide particularly important aerosol scattering, which is approximately true for marine atmospheres. mary information are also indicated as separate entries in 3) The/_ngstrSm exponent at 443 nm was assumed the pages field. In this case, the figure or table number given with the page number on which it appears. 2. ERRATA utilize 5) The sun glint mask algorithm assumed constant 1. Note: It had been expected that SeaWiFS would NIM- 6 m s-1 wind speeds. No radiometric correction the ozone measurement data obtained from the BUS Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer (TOMS). May 1993, however, this instrument ceased operations. is to be the average of those estimated at 520 nm in clear water regions. 4) The second order interaction between Rayleigh and aerosol scattering was assumed to be zero. was made for sun glint or sea foam. In 6) The correction geometry assumed a flat Earth. As of this writing, the alternative sensor that will pro- 7) The Rayleigh optical thickness was assumed to vide equivalent or similar data for the SeaWiFS mis- be constant. (In the global processing, the ozone sion will either be the Earth Probe-Total Ozone Map- optical thicknesses have been derived from Total ping Spectrometer (EP-TOMS) or the Television and Ozone Mapping Spectrometer (TOMS) Dobson Vertical units.) Infrared Satellite (TIROS) Operational and Sounder (TOVS). Imag- independent of scan angle. 2. Note: The name of the Moderate Resolution 8) The water-leaving radiances were assumed to be ing Spectrometer (MODIS) has been changed to the 6. Also in Volume 3, a reference was incorrectly made to Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer; the "Table 9." The reference should have read "Table 1, acronym has stayed the same. Volume 5" [of the Sea WiFS Technical Report Series].

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E.R. Firestone and S.B. Hooker 7. Note: Since the issuance of previous volumes, a number of the references cited have changed their publication status, e.g., they have gone from "submitted" or "in press" to printed matter. In other instances, some part (or parts) of the citation has changed, for example, the title or year of publication. Listed below are the references in question as they were originally cited in one or more of the first 17 volumes in the series, along with how they now appear in the references section of this volume. Original Citation Gordon, H.R., and K. Ding, 1991: Self shading of inwater optical instrunmnts. Limnol. Oceanogr., 37, 491-500. Revised Citation Gordon, H.R., and K. Ding, 1992: Self shading of inwater optical instruments. Limnol. Oceanogr., 37, b) the end-to-end software review of the Marine Optical Buoy (MOBY), 7-8 April 1994; written by S. Hooker (Section 3.2); c) the SeaWiFS Calibration Subgroup Meeting, 12 April 1994; written by C. McClain (Section 3.3); d) the SeaWiFS Atmospheric Correction Subgroup Meeting, 3 May 1994; written by C. McClain (Section 3.4); e) the Third SWG Bio-Optical Algorithm and Optical Protocols Workshops (BAOPW-3), 12-13 May 1994; written by C. McClain (Section 3.5); and f) the Fourth SWG Bio-Optical Algorithm and Optical Protocols Workshops (BAOPW-4), 9 10 November 1994; written by C. McClain (Section 3.6). In addition, this section contains the SeaWiFS Base- 491-500. line Product List, revised 26 April 1994--written by W. Esaias and C. McClain (Section 3.7)---and the names and Original Citation addresses of all attendees of the aforementioned workshops Gregg, W.W., and F.S. Patt, 1993: Assessment of tilt and meetings (Section 3.8). capability for spaceborne global ocean color sensors. IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens., (submitted). 3.1 Bio-Optical Algorithms and Protocols Revised Citation Gregg, W.W., and F.S. Part, 1994: Assessment of tilt The following is a summary of the Second SeaWiFS capability for spaceborne global ocean color sensors. Bio-optical Algorithm and Optical Protocols \Vorkshop IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens., 32, 866-877. (BAOP\V-2), which was held at GSFC on November 8- 10, 1993. The primary workshop objectives were to: 1) Original Citation define the initial SeaWiFS pigment and chlorophyll a algo- McClain, C.R., G. Feldman, and W. Esaias, 1993: Oce- rithms, 2) complete a draft of the measurement protocols anic primary production, Global Change Atlas, C. for Case-2 waters, and 3) draft recommendations for near- Parkinson, J. Foster, and R. Gurney, Eds., Camand long-term round-robin calibration program. Due to bridge University Press, (in press). the way the workshop was conducted, the summary is ar- Revised Citation ranged according to subject matter, and not in the session McClain, C.R., G. Feldman, and W. Esaias, 1993: Ocesequence. The team members and invited guests are listed anic primary production, Global Change Atlas, C. in Table 1. Parkinson, J. Foster, and R. Gurney, Eds., Cambridge University Press, 251-263. Original Citation Patt, F.S., and W.W. Gregg, 1993: Exact closed-form geolocation algorithm for Earth survey sensors. Int. J. Remote Sens., (submitted). Revised Citation Patt, F.S., and W.W. Gregg, 1994: Exact closed-form geolocation algorithm for Earth survey sensors. Int. J. Remote Sens., (accepted). 3. ADDENDA This section presents summaries of the following meetings which were held at the NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC): a) the Second SeaWiFS Working Group (SWG) Biooptical Algorithm and Optical Protocols Workshop (BAOPW-2) (Section 3.1) 8-10 November 1993; written by C. McClain, J. Mueller, and J. Acker; Table 1. Team members and invited guests to the BAOPW-2, held 8-10 November, 1993 at GSFC. The subgroup memberships are as listed in Hooker et al. (1993). Attendees are identified with a checkmark (4"). Team Presen t Team Present Mere bers Members J. Aiken ¢" A. Morel ,/ W. Balch 4 J. Morrison ¢- K. Carder ¢- J. Mueller ,/ D. Clark F. Muller- C. Davis Karger ,g W. Esaias D. Siegel H. Gordon R. Smith F. Hoge P. Stegman ¢" S. Hooker ,/ C. Trees ,z M. Kishino C. Yentsch G. Mitchell ,/

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SeaWiFSTechnicalReportSeriesCumulativeIndex:Volumes1-17 3.1.1 Bio-optical Algorithm Sessions 1. Introduction: (C. McClain) A. Workshop Objectives and Agenda B. Review of Action Items from the First Workshop 3.1.1.1 Bio-optieal Algorithm Development Charter rophyll algorithms should be semi-analytical, encompass The item numbers below follow the Workshop stated for the first bio-optical algorithm and optical protocols workshop--BAOPW-1 (Firestone and Hooker 1993). Item 3A. Bio-opticM data sets: The data sets to be provided the SeaWiFS Project are shown in Table 2 along with their respective status. Following the discussion on data set status, R. Doerffer agreed to provide North Sea data. Also, A. Morel commented that he has three classes of data: historical, intermediate, and recent. The historical data would be difficult to retrieve because of the media. Retrieving the intermerecent a) the availability of data sets containing suitable diate data would require a substantial effort. The data, which was collected within the past two years, be made available. Item 3B. The Sea WiFS Project bio-optical data archive and distribution system (C.R. McClain): The database structure and implementation plan for both the historical pigment database and bio-optical database have been defined and implemented. Documents describing both were distributed SeaWiFS One major concern is the present lack of suitable measureat the workshop and will become volumes in the Coastal ments over a wide variety of water masses. Technical Report Series. To date, both types of Team Strawman Operational Pigment and Chlorophyll a Al- Zone Color Scanner (CZCS) Nimbus Experiment ingested gorithms Continued (K. Carder): Further discussion on (NET) data, station and along-track, have been into the bio-optical database. Item 3C. Semi-analytical algorithm development (H. Gordon, K. Carder, A. Morel, and R. Doerffer): K. Carder assumed the lead in the chlorophyll pigment algorithm development. Strawman Operational Pigment and Chlorophyll a Algorithms (K. Carder): Per the recommendation from the first bio-optical algorithm workshop, the pigment and chloboth Case-1 and Case-2 waters, and should allow for seamless space-time variability in key parameters as the biooptical database becomes more global in coverage. K. Carder has assumed the responsibility of developing the to methodology and presented his initial approach. The chlorophyll algorithm requires estimates of remote sensing reflectance at 412,443, 555, and 670 nm, and knowledge of both the Q factor and backscatter and absorption coefficients for water, Gelbstoff, and phytoplankton at 4t2, 443, and 555nm. A number of issues were discussed, including: can measurements of the free parameters; b) the estimation of specific absorption coefficients for phytoplankton; c) test criteria for branch points in the algorithm logic; and d) the incorporation of relationships based on inherent optical properties (IOP) into the algorithm. the strawman algorithm was concluded. K. Carder will in- Other bio-optical data sets that have been received corporate several suggestions into a revised version of the and are being processed include optics-only data from the algorithm which he will provide to the SeaWiFS Project Atlantic by early January 1994. Joint Global Ocean Flux Study (JGOFS) North Bloom Experiment (NABE) and the JGOFS Equatorial and Item 4. Pacific Process Study (EqPac), provided by C. Trees; optics-only data from the World Ocean Circulation Ex- Quality Control (QC) Flags and Masks periment (WOCE), provided by J. Marra. Several his- Cloud mask (C.R. McClain, R. Evans, S. Gallegos, K. torical pigment data sets have been ingested, including Arrigo, and R. Stumpf): C. McClain examined an albedo data from A. Longhurst (North Atlantic); G. Mitchell [Re- threshold approach using the CZCS 750 nm band. K. Arsearch on Antarctic Coastal Ecosystem Rates (RACER)]; rigo presented results for CZCS scenes having low sun eleand JGOFS EqPac station data. In addition, the data from the first two calibration round-robins (SeaWiFS vations, ice, and coccolithophore blooms. S. Gallegos pre- In- sented some results from the work she had done on a statercalibration Round-Robin Experiments, SIRREX-1 and tistical approach for a cloud and ice mask. SIRREX-2) have been ingested, and the prelaunch calibration and characterization data for the SeaWiFS instrument from Hughes/Santa Barbara Research Center (SBRC) also being ingested. Sea- Sea ice flag (G. Cota, J. Aiken, K. Arrigo, R. Zaneveld, SeaWiFS Bio-optical Database (S.B. Hooker): The WiFS Calibration and Validation Program implemented Coccolithophore flag (H. Gordon, W. Balch, F. Hoge, and C. Brown): C. Brown presented an algorithm for flagis ging coccolithophore blooms in CZCS imagery. and G. Moore): It is generally felt that insufficient data is an on-line database for round-robin, SeaWiFS prelaunch available to develop an ice flag separate from a cloud flag. calibration, and bio-optical data. The system and present Trichodesmium flag (A. Morel and A. Subramaniam): holdings were described. The data distribution policy and A. Subramaniam presented some observations and analyplans related to expanding the holdings were discussed. 4 ses of in situ data from Trichodcsmium blooms. He also

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E.R.FirestoneandS.B.Hooker Table 2. Bio-opticaldatasetsto beprovidedto theSeaWiFSProject. Team M2embers Source K. Carder North Atlantic Gulf of Mexico J. Mueller North Pacific C. Trees D. Clark CZCS NET Data [] MOCE-I [] MOCE-II C. Davis Equatorial Pacific North Atlantic U.S. _d&st Coast M, Kishino Tokyo Bay Sea of Japan G. Mitchell RACER CalCoFI 1 [] CalCoFI 2 R. Arnone Gulf of Mexico A. Weidemann J. Mueller D. Siegel Bermuda [] Coastal Zone Color Scanner NIMBUS Experiment Team [] Marine Optical Characterization Experiment [] California Cooperative Fisheries Institute submitted a recommendation on an approach to developing a flag Mgorithm. Bottom reflectance flag (K. Carder, C. Davis, W. Esaias, and R. Arnone): The SeaWiFS Project decided to use a bathymetry database to flag shallow water areas, rather than rely on a radiometric algorithm. Land mask (R. Evans and C.R. McClain): A combination of geographic and radiometric algorithms will be used. Implementation is underway. Item 5. 1. Bio-optical Field Program Update (S. Hooker): This session was meant to provide an update of recent field activities relevant to algorithm development with brief presentations of the results, if available. The session concluded with a discussion of bio-optical cruises planned by the community in order to evaluate overall program deficiencies and strategies. A. Report on MOCE-II (S. Hooker): The SeaWiFS Project's Calibration and Validation Group main° tains a schedule of bio-optical cruises (Fig. 1). Ad- Status Not received Not received Not received (permission needed from the Navy) Received Being processed Being processed Not received Not received Not received Not received Not received Pigments received Optics not received Not received Not received Not received Not received 2) (Geochemical) Fluxes in the Pacific (FLUPAC) Ocean, A. Morel, August 1994; 3) Arabian Sea, J. Aiken, August October 1994; 4) North Sea, J. Aiken, November 1994; 5) JGOFS Arabian Sea Bio-optics, November 1994; 6) Yellow Sea, C. Trees, July 1994; 7) U.S. Mid-Atlantic Bight, D. Kamykowski, late 1994; 8) Chesapeake Bay, F. Muller-Karger, annual, 1993-1995; 9) Gulf of California, J. Mueller and Centro de Investigacidn Cienfffica y de Educacidn S_perior de Ensenada (CICESE) Principal Investigators, (November 1994, March, June, and November 1995); and 10) Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) Arabian Sea, A. \Veidemann, June-July 1995. Item 6. Alternative bio-optical data collection strategies (J. ditions or changes to that schedule included the fol- Mueller, K. Carder, C. Davis, G. Mitchell, and R. Arnone): lowing (also in Fig. 1): Little progress has been made. K. Carder and C. Davis 1) Oligotrophy in the Pacific (OLIPAC) Ocean, A. will provide a draft protocol in the January-February 1994 Morel, June 1994; time frame. 5

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SeaWiFSTechnicalReportSeriesCumulativeIndex:Volumes1-17 Location ] Contazt _ Brief Description of Activities Calendar Year 1991 MontereyBay MossLanding ID : ClarkClark ] MOBY]Submersibletest deployment.insituradiometer test. Calendar Year 1992 Siegel JGOFS pigments and optical time series. Lake Pend Oreille Zaneveld ONR Optical Closure Experiment. Monterey Bay Clark MOCE-1 instrumentation shake-down. Bermuda Monterey Bay Clark MOBY at-sea test. Calendar Year 1993 Bermuda Siegel JGOFS pigments and optical time series. S. California Bight !C. Mitchell CalCoFI bio-optical algorithm validation. Gulf of California D. Clark MOCE-2 final integration of instruments. Gulf of Mexico R. Arnone Navy optical instruments shake-down. Lanai, Hawaii D. Clark Deep sea mooring (for MOBY) deployment. Monterey Bay D. Clark Final test of prototype MOBY. Weddell Sea J. Tortes Phytoplankton production and biomass. Calendar Year 1994 Bermuda D. Siegel JGOFS pigments and optical time series. S. California Bight G. Mitchell CalCoFI bio-optical algorithm validation. Lanai, Hawaii D. Clark MOBY prototype deployment. Gulf of Mexico A. Weidemann Navy regional Case 2 algorithms cruise. Mid-Atlantic Bight D. Kamykowski Case 1 and Case 2 pigments. Lanai, Hawaii D. Clark MOBY refurbishment. Lanai, Hawaii D. Clark MOCE-3 initialization and certification. Sargasso Sea A. Weidemann Navy Case 1 and 2 algorithms cruise. Arabian Sea R. Arnone Navy Case 1 and 2 pigments cruise. Arabian Sea W. Balch JGOFS mini-process study cruise. Gulf of California D. Clark MOCE-4 calibration and validation cruise. Calendar Year 1995 Bermuda pigments Lanai, Hawaii Clark MOBY refurbishment. and optical time series. Gulf of Mexico Clark MOCE-5 calibration and validation cruise. Arabian Sea ArnonesiegeNavyCase1 and 2 pigments cruise. Canary Islands Clark MOCE-6 calibration and validation cruise. Calendar Year 1996 Bermuda Siegel JCOFS pigments and optical time series. Arabian Sea Arnone Navy Case 1 and 2 pigments cruise. Lanai, Hawaii Clark MOBY refurbishment. Eastern Pacific Clark MOCE-7 calibration and validation cruise. Fig. 1. Field deployment schedule for SeaWiFS, as of late 1993. 6

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E.R.FirestoneandS.B.Hooker 3.1.1.2 Special Topics This session, led by C. McClain, was for discussing top- 3.1.2.1 Workshop Objectives and Agenda J. Mueller lead the summary and status action items ics of interest relevant to algorithm development, SeaWiFS from the first workshop, again using the item numbers from QC, and ocean color missions. The topics discussed were: the BAOPW-1 meeting (Firestone and Hooker 1993). a) SeaWiFS sensor status update, W. Esaias; b) Regression analyses for bio-optical algorithms, J. Campbell; c) Remote sensing reflectance from inherent optical properties, R. Zaneveld; d) K(490) algorithms, Case-1 Water, C. Trees; e) K(490) algorithms, Case-2 Water, R. Arnone; f) Coccolithophore detection, C. Brown; g) Trichodesmium detection, A. Subramaniam; h) Cloud and ice detection, S. Gallegos; i) Cloud and ice detection, K. Arrigo; and j) Marine Optical Spectroradiometer (MOS) and Pr/roda, A. Neumann. During the presentations on K(490), the point was made that the baseline Austin-Petzold algorithm is robust over a broader range of Case-1 waters than the original data set encompassed. It was also shown, however, that the algorithm is not accurate in turbid Case-2 waters. The Austin-Petzold relationship remains the baseline for K(490). This algorithm, however, is not accurate in very turbid Case-2 waters. K. Carder will continue to refine his chlorophyll a algorithm and will provide an update to the Project by the end of the year. J. Aiken volunteered to examine the existing CZCS pigment algorithm and asto report. sess its performance using additional data sets. He will provide those results to the Project by the March 1994 SVCG meeting. Questions were raised regarding the SeaWiFS distributed products (W. Esaias) about whether or not the current Mueller): No progress to report. J. Mueller has obtained level-2 and level-3 products are the most useful for the the CZCS NET data and will be performing correlation user community. For instance, it is not clear that binned analyses to see what corrections can be made to observanormalized water leaving radiances at wavelengths other Table 3. Round-Robin and Optical Protocols Working Group attendees. The subgroup nlemberships are as listed in Hooker et al. (1993). Team Present Team Present Members Members D. Clark M. Lewis C. Davis C. McClain ,/ R. Doerffer ,/ G./viitchell W. Esaias ¢ A. Morel ,/ H. Gordon a. Mueller ,/ F. Hoge D. Siegel M. Kishino R. Smith O. Kopelevich R. Zaneveld ,/ Other Attendees R. Arnone S. Gallegos K. Arrigo J. Morrow C. Brown A. Neumann J. Campbell A. Subramaniam R. Evans G. Zimmerman Item 1A. Ship shadowing (D. Siegel and J. Mueller): No progress Item lB. Not discussed Item 1C. Bio-optical algorithm instrumentation specifications (J. than 550nm have any applications. Also, the bio-optical tions at wavelengths near to, but not coincident with, the SeaWiFS bands. algorithms may use reflectance and E0. Should adjustments in the present product list be recommended? A lengthy discussion resulted with a decision to continue the deliberations later in the workshop. When discussions reerffer, F. Muller-Karger, C. Davis, W. Esaias, A. Weidesumed, they focused primarily on the definition and usemann, R. Arnone, and R. Stumpf): No progress to report. fulness of the CZCS pigment product. It was agreed that R. Doerffer will provide data to assist in the development the most accurate estimates of water-leaving or normalized of these protocols. water-leaving radiance should be used to compute the pigment product, rather than to employ values derived using a method identical to the CZCS atmospheric correction. Item 1D. Case-2 water protocols (K. Carder, C. Yentsch, R. Do- Item 1E. Data quality control (J. Mueller, D. Siegel, C. Davis, The final recommendations were synthesized and are listed A. Weidemann, G. Mitchell, and H. Gordon): J. Mueller in the tables found in Section 3.7. These recommendations will present some initial comparisons later in the workshop. will be distributed to the SWG for comment and will be More comprehensive analyses need to be completed. formally addressed at the March SWG meeting. 3.1.2 Optical Protocols K. Carder, M. Lewis, and P. Slater): No progress to report. Attendees and invited guests to the Round-Robin and Optical Protocols Working Group are found in Table 3. Item IF. Aircraft data collection protocols (C. Davis, F. Hoge, Item 1G. Not discussed

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SeaWiFSTechnicalReportSeriesCumulativeIndex:Volumes1-17 3.1.2.2 Case-2 Protocols The group, lead by J. Mueller, discussed the areas in which new protocols must be drafted to reflect: a) well-known difficulties associated with making accurate radiometric and optical measurements in turbid Case-2 waters, and 1) Experiment design and sampling methods for algorithm development in Case-2 waters (R. Doerffer); 2) Protocols and related database for measuring absorption (R. Zaneveld); and 3) Protocols and related database for measuring scattering (R. Zaneveld). Individuals identified in parentheses will orchestrate b) the increased need for accurate measurements of the development of protocols for each area. A detailed IOP to develop and validate semi-analytic algorithms of the form recommended by the Algorithm Working Group. outline of the specific subtopics identified in each area is given below, together with the names of potential contributors (those on the working group agreed to provide input, This recommendation is for algorithms based, in any and contributions from the others will be solicited). ra- It was agreed to pull each topic area together as a looseof several forms, on the interrelationships between the tio bb/a, chlorophyll concentration, and remote sensing reflectance. Physically, remote sensing reflectance (Rrs) of summary recommendation for new protocols written by may be accurately modelled as a function of the ratio backscattering to absorption, where absorption is strongly pig- ler will coordinate the overall effort, and will draft recomdependent, and scattering is somewhat dependent, on ex- mended protocol additions, or revisions, based on the mament concentrations. Pigment concentrations are often pressed using chlorophyll a concentration as a proxy index for a typical oceanic phytopigment assemblage. fol- ence Team members. The protocol numbers refer back to The classical ratio algorithm simply assumes the or the same numbered sections in Mueller and Austin (1992). lowing: other absorbing substances are either constant leaf notebook containing individual working reports, etc., from the identified contributors, with a brief overview and the topic leader (identified in parentheses above). J. Muelterial presented. The intent is to assemble this material by early February 1994 for distribution to all SeaWiFS Scicovariant with chlorophyll a; and the log of a ratio of two Outline radiometric quantities, e.g., upwelling radiances, can be (contributors identified in parentheses) approximated by a linear function. The classical type algorithm will calculate least-squares coefficients for the apparent functional relationship between the radiometric quantities. A semi-analytic algorithm, of the type proposed for SeaWiFS, expresses some (or all) IOP explicitly in terms of chlorophyll, theoretical relationships, or constants, then in- 1. Near-IR tank experiments (R. Doerffer and J. combines equations for two or more wavelengths and verts the result to solve for chlorophyll. In several mod- I. Experiment Design and Sampling Methods for Algorithm Development in Case-2 Waters A. Overview of Case-2 Sampling Methods and Experiment Design (R. Doerffer) B. Instrument Self-Shadow Effects [Gordon and Ding model]. Mueller) els, reflectance is expressed as a function of the ratio of a. Wave and platform effects (R. Doerffer and backscattering to absorption, which in turn is then empirically linked to chlorophyll a concentration. J. Mueller) b. Above-water remote sensing reflectance mea- To date, most observational algorithm development has surements, including Gulf of Mexico Experbeen limited to finding direct correlations between chloiment (GOMEX) results (K. Carder, C. Darophyll and spectral combinations of remote sensing re- vis, R. Arnone, and J. Mueller). flectance. This emphasis is reflected in the brevity with which IOP measurement and analysis protocols are presented in the SeaWiFS Optical Protocols (Mueller and Austin 1992), even though they are specified as required variables for bio-optical algorithm development. Given the explicit appearance of IOP in the proposed baseline algorithm and recent advances in instrumentation to measure of 2. "B-Factor" Comparisons in Filter Particle Abspectral absorption, beam attenuation, and segments the volume scattering function, the majority of the workto 3. Benchtop Absorption Meter for Dissolved Oring group members seem to favor revising the protocols an ganics (K. Carder) emphasize IOP measurements more prominently (albeit explicit vote was not taken on that issue). The workshop discussions identified three general areas where new, or strengthened protocols are necessary. These are: II. Absorption: Measurement Protocols and Database A. Overview and Absorption Protocol Recommendations (R. Zaneveld) B. Absorption Measurement Methods 1. Filter Method vs. Reflecting be Absorption Comparisons (C. Roesler, R. Zaneveld) sorption Measurements (J. Cleveland) 4. Methods for Separating Constituent Components of Absorption (K. Carder and R. Zaneveld) 5. Filter Specifications [Protocol 5.4.3] (C. T_ee)

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E.R.FirestoneandS.B.Hooker B. Database:Absorption,Chlorophyll,andothervariables. 1. Overview,summary,andcoordinationof data baseassembly(J. Campbell) b. Verify stability and stray light rejection for all transfer radiometers. c. Examine the bidirectional diffuse reflectance of the plaques. 2. Filter AbsorptionandPigmentdatasets(G. 2. Radiometer Round-Robins: Mitchell,K. Carder,M. Kishino,C. Roesler, and others who will be determined at a later date). 3. Filter Absorption, Pigments, and Radiometry Data Sets (K. Carder; M. Wernand; R. Doerffer; J. Cleveland, C. Trees, and J. Mueller; K. Voss, a. Calibrate selected sets of radiometers at several laboratories within 3-4 week intervals, and test comparability of blind test results. b. Follow up on discrepancies as appropriate. and B. Balch, and others who will be determined 3. FEL lamp irradiance standards at a later date). 4. Absorption, other IOP, Pigments, and Radiometric Profiles (R. Zaneveld, Pend Orielle Clo- 4. Error budget analyses sure Experiment, and East Puget Sound) 5. Protocol 5.4.2 and 5.2.4.3 Review and Revision (K. Carder, R. Zaneveld, R. Doerffer, and C. McClain) III. Scattering: Measurement Protocols and Database A. Overview of Scattering Measurement Methods, Prognosis for Improved Instruments and Methods, a. Schedule FEL lamps for transfers at GSFC on an annual basis. a. Document overall calibration error budget illustrating goals, SIRREX accomplishments to date, and schedule for meeting goals. 3.1.2.5 The Long-Term Round-Robin Program The Sea'WiFS Project is supporting the present round- Protocol Recommendations (R. Zaneveld) robin program, which has a limited duration and scope (C. McClain). Questions that need to be addressed include: B. Backscattering Measurement: 1. Single-Wavelength/3(170 °) (R. Maffione) 2. Intermediate and large angle scattering meter development [5 angles at 9 wavelengths] (R. Zaneveld) 3. General Angle Scattering Meter (GASM) (K. Voss) 3.1.2.3 Data QC and Analysis Round-Robin J. Mueller lead this discussion on a follow-up of an ac- 1. How will the activity be expanded and supported in the future within the US? 2. How will it be managed? 3. How will an international program be coordinated? It was also recommended that an approach for quantifying the overall impact of the round-robin comparison program on the quality of in situ optical measurements be defined. tivity initiated during the protocols workshop in May 1993 3.2 MOBY Review Summary (Firestone and Hooker 1993). He presented some initial An end-to-end software review of the MOBY was held comparisons between his analysis technique and that used 7-8 April 1994 at GSFC, the attendees of which are listed by C. Davis of diffuse attenuation coefficients and derived in Table 4. The review was triggered by an inability of the water-leaving radiances, which indicated some large dis- buoy to properly multi-task during its February 1994 decrepancies for some optical profiles. Further analysis, and ployment off the coast of Lanai, Hawaii. More specifically, the participation of others, is required. the buoy cannot collect data reliably if the cellular telephone communications task is running while the MOBY 3.1.2.4 Calibration Round-Robin data acquisition task is executing. It is important to note, Results from SIRREX-2 (J. Mueller): The results ob- however, that the buoy is collecting data successfully, but tained from SIRREX-2 indicate a significant improvement in a more simplistic serial mode; that is, the buoy colover SIRREX-1 in terms of the sphere comparisons, etc. lects in situ data once per day, does nothing else during The final report will be submitted to the Project by De- that acquisition event, and then stops acquisition before cember 1994 for publication in the SeaWiFS Technical Re- attempting the next scheduled activity. port Series (see Mueller 1994). tive and interpretive language used in small computers) Recommendations for SIRREX in 1994 experts, autonomous system experts, and Project person- A review panel comprised of GSFC Forth (an interac- 1. SIRREX-3 (Group Experiments): nel was assembled to meet with the MOBY Team to assist a. Continue the sphere characterizations and radiance in determining the source of the multi-tasking problem. scale transfers with emphasis o11 spatial and angular The Project representatives also reviewed the MOBY data uniformity and temporal stability. processing and distribution plan.

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SeaWiFSTechnicalReportSeriesCumulativeIndex:Volumes1-17 3.2.1 Agenda 1. The panel members were impressed with the operating system and the people who built it. They feel it Thefollowingisthe agendafollowedforthisreview. is based on a sound architecture and should work. It 7 April 1994 0800IntroductoryRemarks C. McClain 0810MOBYSystemOverview D. Clark 0830End-to-endCommunications Overview W. Broenkow 0850Hardware(asit relatesto software)Overview M. Yarbrough 0910MOBYSoftwareOverview W. Broenkow 0930MOBYOperatingSystem R. Reeves I000 Break 1010Resume Review 1200Adjourn 1330Afternoon Session 1500Meeting with Nancy Farnan 1530Review of Contract Deliverables D. Clark 1700Adjourn 8 April 1994 0800 Introductory Remarks and Morning Agenda C. McClain 1000 Break 1010 Resume Review 1200 Adjourn 1330 Afternoon Session 1340 Post-processing Software Overview D. Clark 1400 Individual Post-processing Elements W. Broenkow 1500 Adjourn Table 4. MOBY review attendees. Attendee Level of Participation Samuel Bergeson-Willis Participant William Broenkow MOBY Team Robert Caffrey Review Panel Dennis Clark MOBY Team Mary Cleave Participant Michael Darzi Participant Wayne Esaias Participant Stanford Hooker Review Panel Charles McClain Review Panel Todd Miller Review Panel Richard Reaves MOBY Team Thomas Riley Review Panel Shane Hynes Review Panel Mark Yarbrough MOBY Team 3.2.2 Review Panel Comments The MOBY Review Panel had a number of comments based on the information presented. 10 appears to be a multi-tasking Forth system with each task operating in a non-preemptive round-robin fashion. The system is a hybrid Forth modeled after a particular commercial package (probably polyForth) but patterned after several others. 2. The execution problem is probably due to a programming bug in the Forth code. Stack overflow, which could be caused by improper clean-up of the stack when a task completes and exits, is the most likely source of difficulty . 3. Richard Reaves is the only person who understands the MOBY operating system, so he is a single point of failure. Another person needs to be brought on to ensure Richard's knowledge is duplicated and retained by the Team. 4. The MOBY Team is needlessly isolated and should investigate a wider participation in the Forth community. The Special Interest Group (SIG) Forth and Forth Interest Groups are user groups that can provide an opportunity for the Team to meet other Forth programmers. There is a user community in Monterey (near the Team's locale in Salinas, California). 5. Another opportunity for interaction in the Monterey area is Everett "Skip" Carter who has developed a buoy using Forth (408-899-0336 and on the Internet: skip@taygeta.oc.nps.navy.mil). 6. The MOBY Team should investigate the use of version control software (VCS) or a public domain program. 7. The MOBY Team should schedule code walk-throughs at a frequency in keeping with the level of elapsed development and the importance of the version being created, i.e., major revisions requiring substantial effort need reviews. 8. Once the MOBY Team has implemented many of the recommendations, particularly the data simulator, one of the panel members should probably visit Moss Landing Marine Laboratory (MLML) and review the progress made. 9. The present data processing system requires manual intervention to handle all calibration and formatting. 10. No QC is currently in place, although some parts of such a system are under consideration or rudimentary design. 3.2.3 Action Items for the MOBY Team Action items to be completed by the Team include: a, Overview details need to be agreed upon. This begins with a highest-level sketch of what the system looks like and is followed by a diagram of the basic functional units, each of which performs a well-specified

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E.R.FirestoneandS.B.Hooker task. This diagramincludesthe pathwaysandinter- and Validation database. The archived data will be defacesbetweenthe variouscomponentsandmustbe scribed in a separate technical memorandum within the supportedby listsof requirementsandspecifications.SeaWiFS Technical Report Series (Volume 23). Thelistsdetailwhateachbasicunit doesby itselfand in relationto the otherunits,via the datapathways0830Introduction C. McClain mustalso 0845Prelauneh Sensor Calibration andinterfaces,whichmeansthe interfaces becompletelydescribed.Onceanoverviewofthebuoy is completed, the entire system is largely defined and the requirements for the operating system, which will control its execution, can then be specified (or in this case, completely evaluated). b. A list of tasks and a description of what each task does 1100 needs to be created. This should also include what activates and deactivates a particular task. 1130 1200 Lunch Data and Data Analyses Calibration Equationt R. Barnes Sensor Certification Matrix_ Out-of-Band Radiance Correctionst Stray Light Correctionst R. Barnes Prelaunch Ground-based Solar Calibrationt Biggar/Slater SeaWiFS Transfer Radiometert C. Johnson c. The time it takes to execute one loop in the round-robin 1330 GSFC Sphere Status and SeaWiFS should be determined and monitored. 1400 SeaWiFS Calibration Plans d. Timing diagrams need to be produced, in part, to establish whether or not the hardware can support what the software is required to do, and also to aid the de- 1500 Post-launch Vicarious bugging effort. e. A watchdog timer should be implemented. 1530 Post-launch Vicarious Calibration at f. The stack depth is a good indicator of system health and should be monitored. The current stack depth is 1600 General Discussions frequently at 30 and should usually be less than 8 and never above 20 (as a rule of thumb). 3.4 Atmospheric Correction Subgroup g. An interactive programming environment should be created. Right now the program cannot be debugged Scale Maintenance J. McLean During Thermal Vacuum Testing Period at GSFC R. Barnes Calibration Plans Biggar/Slater Hawaii Optical Mooring Site C. McClain The meeting of the SeaWiFS Atmospheric Correction when it runs. This will require the implementation of Subgroup was held at GSFC on 3 May 1994. Tile purpose a TALKER task. of the meeting was a comprehensive discussion regarding both the current status of the SeaWiFS algorithm and furh, A simulator for each data source should be created, ther required improvements to the algorithm. In addition, probably using personal computers (PCs) or local area the ongoing problem of the oxygen absorption band was transport (LAT) interfaces on a VAX (if the proper discussed. data rates can be simulated). This will allow for testing and debugging even when the buoy is unavailable. 0830 Introduction C. McClain i. The GET and RELEhSE Forth commands should be 0845 Status Report on the Operational looked at. There may be a requirement associated with their use for certain functions to be locked out when SeaWiFS Atmospheric Correction Scheme H. Gordon tasks exit. 1000 Break 1015 Aircraft Measurement of Reflectance j. An automated processing capability should be developed prior to the launch of SeaWiFS. k. MLML should itemize the tasking, milestones, and resource requirements for near-real time data analysis. In particular, the QC modules, both in terms of how 1115 CZCS Atmospheric Corrections the data is collected and processed, need to be clearly presented. 1200 Lunch 1330 Preparations for the Advanced 3.3 Calibration Subgroup Meeting The SeaWiFS Calibration Subgroup Meeting was held on 12 April 1994. The purpose of the meeting was to review off the Antarctic Peninsula Using an Airborne Polarization and Directionality of Earth's Reflectances (POLDER) Simulator R. Frouin Using Look-up Tablest R. Fraser Earth Observation Satellite (ADEOS) or POLDER Mission as Related to SeaWiFS P. Deschamps the results of analyses on the prelaunch calibration and 1415 Oxygen Absorption at 765 nmt R. Fraser characterization data provided by Hughes/SBRC. These data are being archived within the SeaWiFS Calibration t Topics slated for publication within the Series. 11

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SeaWiFSTechnicalReportSeriesCumulativeIndex:Volumes1-17 1430Investigationsof OxygenAbsorption Effectsat 765nmon theOperational SeaWiFSAlgorithm H. Gordon 1445A ProposedOut-of-BandCorrection Schemer R. Barnes 1515 Current Implementation of the Operational Atmospheric Correction Algorithm H. Gordon 1530 Discussion The meeting was small, but very informative and constructive. H. Gordon's work on the operational algorithm has progressed substantially since the previous atmospheric correction workshop in May 1993. The initial description of the algorithm has been published by Gordon and Wang (1994), and other augmentations to the algorithm, including the glint flag, the whitecap correction, and the 765 nm oxygen absorption correction have been either completed or are well underway. Gordon has also analyzed the limitations of the plane parallel assumption and found that the assumption introduces negligible errors for SeaWiFS geometries. Primary concerns at present are corrections in the presence of absorbing aerosols, e.g., Saharan and Asian dust, and the effects of stratospheric aerosols. 3.5 Bio-Optical Algorithm and Protocols This section summarizes BAOPW-3, held at GSFC on 12-13 May 1994. The attendees and invited guests to BAOPW-3 appear in Table 5. The purposes of the workshops were to 1) finalize the initial operational SeaWiFS pigment and chlorophyll a algorithms, and 2) complete the measurement protocols for Case-2 waters. 3.5.1 Bio-Optical Algorithm Development 1. Introduction (C. McClain): A. Workshop Objectives and Agenda B. SeaStar/SeaWiFS update 2. Operational Chlorophyll a Algorithm (K. Carder): Since the last bio-optical algorithm meeting, there has been considerable discussion between K. Carder, R. Zaneveld, J. Mueller, and D. Siegel on the form of the chlorophyll a algorithm. All agree on the basic structure of the algorithm, and that the algorithm should be modular so that specific components can be isolated and replaced as improved parameterizations are developed. Of primary concern is the temporal and spatial variability in phytoplankton absorption coefficients. 3. Band Ratio Algorithms for SeaWiFS and CZCS (J. Aiken): J. Aiken described a variety of multiple band ratio algorithms for a number of geophysical parameters. One issue is whether the CZCS pigment product should utilize bands other than those that are similar 12 to the CZCS bands. The Project's present position is it should not unless it can be demonstrated that other band ratio algorithms produce a significant improvement in the pigment retrievals. Also, assuming the CZCS data will eventually be reprocessed using improved atmospheric and cloud masking algorithms, an attempt to develop a more geographically robust algorithm using only the CZCS bands should be undertaken. Table 5. Team members and invited guests to the SWG Bio-optical Algorithm and Protocols Workshops, held 12-13 May 1994 at GSFC. Attendees are identified with a checkmark (4_). Tean2 Present Team Present Members Members J. Aiken 4" C. McClain 4" W. Balch G. Mitchell ,/ K. Carder 4" A. Morel D. Clark _/ J. Mueller C. Davis 4" F. Muller- ¢" R. Doerffer ,/ Karger W. Esaias ,/ D. Siegel H. Gordon 4" R. Smith F. Hoge C. Trees ,/ S. Hooker C. Yentsch D. Kamykowski 4" J. Yoder M. Kishino 4" R. Zaneveld ,/ O. Kopelevich Other Attendees S. Ackleson L. Harding M. Behrenfeld S. Hawes C. Brown J. Morrow J. Campbell H. Schiller H. Fukushima The point was also made that the SeaWiFS Project plans to periodically reprocess the entire SeaWiFS data set as improvements to the atmospheric, bio-optical, and calibration algorithms are developed, and the suite of derived products can be modified with each reprocessing as the Science Team recommends. The only limitation at present is the data volume and number of data granules passed to the GSFC Distributed Active Archive Center (DAAC). 3.5.2 Optical Protocols 1. Workshop Objectives (J. Mueller) 2. Case-2 Protocols: A. Overview and Strawman Outline (J. Mueller) B. Status of the Absorption Database Development (J. Campbell) C. Case-1 and Case-2 Discrimination (R. Doerffer) D. Absorption Protocols (C. Trees and R. Zaneveld)

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E.R.FirestoneandS.B.Hooker E. ScatteringProtocols(R. Zaneveld):Draftsof sec- 3. Field Program Reports tionsof the Case-2 protocols were written in advance and distributed. J. Campbell has been soliciting absorption spectra data from the community and some data and preprints of data analyses have been provided. As a result of R. Doerffer's presentation, the terms "Case-l" and "Case-2," as originally defined by Prieur and Morel, may not be appropriate for the purposes of measurement protocols. 3. Data QC and Analysis Round-Robin (D. Siegel): D. Siegel will organize and host a small data analysis round-robin at UCSB this summer. The purpose is to quantify the differences among various algorithms for A. Bermuda Bio-optical Time Series (D. Siegel) B. CalCoFI Bio-optical Data Set (G. Mitchell) C. MOCE and MOBY Update (D. Clark) D. GOMEX Data Update (J. Mueller) E. Navy Field Program Update (C. Davis) F. United Kingdom (UK) Field Program Update (J. Aiken) G. Japanese Field Program Update (M. Kishino) H. German Field Program Update (R. Doerffer) The intent was not to present results, but activities and estimating surface upwelling radiance, irradiance, and data set development status. D. Siegel is routinely feeding diffuse attenuation coefficient. The participants will data into the SeaWiFS bio-optical database. G. Mitchell draft a publication based on their results. has several hundred high latitude historical bio-optical stations ready for submission to the database pending the 4. An Atmospheric Correction Scheme for 7hrbid Waters outcome of the data analysis round-robin. He has also (J. Aiken): J. Aiken described a brightest pixel method participated in six CalCoFI cruises. The GOMEX data for the atmospheric correction of turbid water using is nearly ready for submission by J. Mueller and C. Trees aircraft data. (most of the pigment data has been received already). D. 5. An Instrument Self-Shading Experiment (R. Doerffer): Clark described the first and second MOCE cruises in Mon- R. Doerffer described a laboratory experiment designed terey Bay, the Gulf of California, and Baja regions. The to quantify instrument self-shading effects. It was rec- initial processing of these data is about 90% complete. He ommended that he test the Gordon and Ding (1992) described recent progress with the MOBY deployment and correction scheme. support facility development in Hawaii. The buoy was de- 6. An Update on the Chlorophyll Measurement Protocols ployed in February and will be retrieved in June 1994. (C. Trees): C. Trees discussed recent revisions of the C. Davis discussed the optical observations to be col- JGOFS protocols based on information provided by R. lected on six Navy and NSF sponsored cruises in the Ara- Bidigare and his own work. bian Sea during 1994 and 1995. J. Aiken, M. Kishino, and R. Doerffer provided updates on British, Japanese, 7. _Vavelength Interpolation Analyses (J. Mueller): J. and German bio-optical cruise plans over the next year, Mueller presented initial empirical orthogonal function respectively. The SeaWiFS launch slip is having a serious (EOF) analyses of the CZCS NET radiometer data. impact on some of these programs as most were either de- The objective is to quantify how well the observed upsigned as post-launch validation cruises or were counting welling water radiance and irradiance spectra, and the on SeaWiFS coverage to meet their scientific objectives. downwelling irradiance spectra, can be determined from radiometric observations at a limited number of wavelengths. If sufficient accuracy can be achieved, obser- 3.5.4 Calibration Round-Robin vations at wavelengths near, but not identical to, the 1. Calibration Round-Robin (J. Mueller) SeaWiFS bands can be used for algorithm development. Suggestions offered included separating the different radiometric parameters and performing separate analyses on each and partitioning the data into unique water types. 3.5.3 Bio-Optical Algorithm Development 1. The MODIS Document Archive (MODARCH), (D. Herring): D. Herring presented a brief description of the MODARCH system which the EOS/MODIS program is using to archive documents and presentation materials. The system can be accessed through the Internet. 2. Operational Chlorophyll a Algorithm Continued (K. Carder): Discussions on the chlorophyll a algorithm were continued based on previous deliberations. A. Hawaii Intercomparison Study: J. Mueller and C. Cromer described a mini-round-robin conducted at the MOBY support facility in Hawaii. As a result of the experiment, several modifications to the calibration sphere configuration are being recommended. B. Immersion Coefficient Study: J. Mueller discussed laboratory measurements of the immersion coefficients required for the calibration of irradiance measurements. Some concerns have been raised regarding the historical values applied to marine environmental radiometers (MERs). C. SIRREX-3 Activities: J. Mueller briefly outlined the activities to be conducted during the next roundrobin at CHORS. Several participants suggested the event be slipped beyond the present July schedule. 13

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SeaWiFSTechnicalReportSeriesCumulativeIndex:Volumes1-17 2. Neural Network Applications (H. Schiller): H. Schiller at GSFC on 9-10 November, 1994. The primary workdescribed an application of neural network methodoloshop objectives were to: 1) finalize the initial operational gies to the inversion of CZCS water-leaving radiance CZCS pigment, chlorophyll a, and K(490) algorithms and data for estimation of chlorophyll a and other quantities in Case-2 water. The approach results in substantially reduced processing times. 3.5.5 Workshop Wrap-Ups Summaries, Action Items, Final Discussions, etc. Tthe topics for discussion in this segment were: the op- 2) complete the update of the in situ measurement protocols. Due to the way the workshop was conducted, the summary is arranged according to subject matter, not the session sequence. Attendees and invited guests are listed in Table 6. 3.6.1 Bio-optical Algorithm Sessions erational chlorophyll a algorithm (D. Siegel), and protocols 1. Introduction (C. McClain) and round-robin (J.1Queller). The Action Items included the following: A. Workshop objectives and agenda B. Review of Action Items from the third workshop 1. K. Carder, working with R. Zaneveld, D. Siegel, and J. C. SeaStar/SeaWiFS update Mueller, will generate a draft document describing the chlorophyll a algorithm, implementation, and rationale which will be submitted to the SeaWiFS Project mid-June. 2. J. Aiken, D. Clark, and C. Trees will generate a draft document on the rationale and form of CZCS and Sea- WiFS band ratio algorithms which will be submitted to the SeaWiFS Project by mid-June. Table 6. Team members and invited guests to the by BAOPW-4, held 9-10 November 1994 at GSFC. Attendees are identified with a eheckmark (¢"). Those people who came in members' places are indicated with their names in parentheses and are listed directly below the member': name. Team Present Team Present Mere b ers Mere bets 3. J. Mueller has several action items including the fol- J. Aiken lowing: O. Kopelevich (G. Moore) ,/ M. Lewis ,f A. Collate the Case-2 protocol documents and modifi- W. Balch C. McClain cations to the existing protocols, and submit these K. Carder ¢" G. Mitchell ¢, to the SeaWiFS Project; MOBY G. Cota <" J. Mueller B. Finalize the comparison of his MER with the radiometer, which he conducted in Hawaii; C. Notify the SIRREX-3 participants of the agenda and work that must be completed in advance (one item is the mapping of sphere apertures and a recommended measurement scheme must be defined); D. Complete the processing of the GOMEX optical measurements and provide them to the SeaWiFS Project; E. Complete the immersion coefficient study in collaboration with Biospherics, Inc. and refine the protocols section on immersion coefficients as required; and D. Clark A. Morel C. Davis ¢" F. Muller- R. Doerffer Karger W. Esaias ,d D. Siegel ,/ H. Gordon R. Smith F. Hoge _/ C. Trees S. Hooker C. Yentsch D. Kamykowski J. Yoder (G. Kirkpatrick) •/ (A. Bernard) ¢- M. Kishino ¢" R. Zaneveld Other Attendees J. Campbell D. Phinney G. Fargion A. Webb R. Frouin J. Zaitzeff F. Work with C. Davis on the completion of the anal- S. Hawes ysis of their initial study on reflectance measurements. 4. K. Carder, C. Davis, J. Mueller, and R. Doerffer are to collaborate on the remote sensing reflectance protocol. R. Doerffer will be executing a 10-day field study durprovide bio-optical algorithm workshop, K. Carder has restrucing July 1994 in the North Sea which should additional data for the verification of the technique. 3.6 BAOPW-4 This summary is of the Fourth SeaWiFS Bio-optical 2. The NASA/HQ Perspective (R. Frouin) 3. The Operational Chlorophyll a Algorithm (K. Carder): Based on comments received during and since the last tured the algorithm and rewritten the algorithm description. That document was distributed to the Science Working Group Bio-optical Algorithm Subgroup in August for comment. The subgroup is now generally satisfied with the algorithm structure. The primary Algorithm Optical Protocols Workshop (BAOPW-4), held concern is that the algorithm has been developed using 14

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E.R.FirestoneandS.B.Hooker a smalldatasetfromthe Gulfof Mexico,the North Pacific,andthe NorthAtlantic. Therearealsosome concernsaboutthe particulatebackscatteringcoefficientparameterization.Toaddresstheissueofgeneral applicability,anindependentvalidationeffortis being incorporate a 490 555 nm reflectance ratio rather than a ratio using the 412 nm band. It was also decided that the best band ratios available should be used and not just those compatible with the CZCS band. He should also incorporate K. Carder's data into the analysis. undertaken.Thevalidationwill seekto testnot only 5. SeaWiFS K(490) Algorithm (J. Mueller): The question components is whether or not the differences between the CZCS thealgorithmasa whole,but alsospecific ofthe algorithm.Thespecificcomponentsincludethe following: A. Remotesensingreflectanceasa functionofabsorption andbackscatteringcoefficients; B. Particulatebackscattercoefficientasa functionof reflectanceat 443,490,and555nm; C. Gelbstoffabsorptionasa functionof absorptionat 400nm; D. Phytoplanktonabsorptionspectrumasa function ofthe phytoplanktonabsorptionat 675nm;and E. Chlorophylla concentration as a function of phytoplankton absorption at 675 nm. 1) J. Campbell, working with the SeaWiFS Project, will solicit and distribute contributed data sets for this purpose. One recurring comment voiced by several attendees was the concern that the absorption coefficients for water being used by the marine optics community may be too large. K. Carder will provide the algorithm code to anyone who wishes to participate. 2) If the semi-analytic chlorophyll algorithm fails to return a value, a reflectance ratio algorithm is used. K. Carder and G. Moore will examine the ratio defined in the draft documentt and also examine alternative empirical algorithms (see discussion in next section). 4. CZCS Pigment Algorithms--both Empirical and Semianalytic (G. Moore): G. Moore presented results of studies on empirical and simulated ratio algorithms and provided an initial draft of a paperer for comment. The paper also examines relative concentrations of different pigments. The group suggested that an algorithm using two 2-band reflectance ratios be used for the operational CZCS pigment product. The options, however, are available from the presentation included only ratios with 412 and 443 nm reflectances in the numerator. In high concentration waters, these reflectances are small and are subject to errors due to the atmospheric correction, instrument noise, and instrument calibration. It was suggested that G. Moore examine algorithms which Reference: Carder, K.L., S.K. Hawes, and Z. Lee, 1994: Sea- WiFS algorithm for chlorophyll a and colored dissolved organic matter in a subtropical environment (in preparation). Reference: Aiken, J., G. Moore, D. Clark, and C. Trees, 1994: SeaWiFS strawman pigment algorithm: introduction, rationale and methodological approaches (in preparation). bands and SeaWiFS bands, i.e., 550 nm versus 555 rim, cause a significant change in the Austin-Petzold K(490) algorithm constants. J. Mueller did not have time to examine this issue in detail and will follow up with a report. 6. Field Program Reports: The intent here was not to present results, but activities. In the cases where investigators are being funded by the SeaWiFS Project (Siegel, Mitchell, Clark, and Mueller), the updates should review past and future cruise plans, numbers of stations, data collected, status of analysis, data delivery to SeaWiFS Project, etc. Each presentation was to be no longer than 15 minutes. A. Bermuda Bio-optical Time Series (D. Siegel) B. CalCoFI Bio-optical Time Series (G. Mitchell) C. Japanese Field Program Update (M. Kishino) D. MODIS Case-2 Field Studies (K. Carder) E. Arabian Sea Bio-optical Program (D. Phinney and C. Davis) 7. Operational Chlorophyll a Algorithm Continued (K. Carder) 8. CZCS Pigment Algorithm Continued (G. Moore) 3.6.2 Optical Protocols 1. Workshop Objectives and the Action Items Resulting from BAOPW-3 (J. Mueller) 2. Data QC and Analysis of the Round-Robin Results (D. Siegel): The Data Analysis Round-Robin (DARR) did show that different analysis techniques can lead to substantial differences in derived products, especially at wavelengths longer than 600 nm and for upwelling radiance. The report is due from D. Siegel and will be published in the SeaWiFS Technical Report Series. 3. Status and Discussion of the Protocols Update (J. Mueller): a) Outline of Revised and Added Protocols--the revised or added section numbers from the original protocols TM (Volume 5) appear in parentheses. 1) Absorption Profiles (in situ; Sections 5.2.4 and 6.8.2) 2) Absorption Samples (spectrophotometric; Sections 5.4.2 and 6.8.2) 3) Backscattering Profiles (Section 5.2.5) 4) Instrument Self-Shading Corrections to L_ and Eu at the surface (z = 0-, Sections 5.1.6 and 6.1.7) 15

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SeaWiFSTechnicalReportSeriesCumulativeIndex:Volumes1-17 5) Above-WaterLw from Ships and Low-Altitude Aircraft (Sections 3.3, 5.1.7, 5.1.8, and 6.2) 6) Case-1 and Case-2 Sampling Protocols (Sections 5.8 and 5.8.3) 7) Draft hardcopies of the revised protocols TM (Volume 25, Revision 1 of the protocols) were distributed and discussed in detail. Final revisions were completed by the end of the second day and were handed to the SeaWiFS Project for publication. 4. SIRREX-3 Results (J. Mueller): SIRREX-3 went reasonably well. All data were documented in near-real time and have been ingested into the SeaWiFS Biooptical Archive and Storage System (SeaBASS). One problem that arose was the primary FEL lamp used as the standard lamp is deteriorating. J. Mueller will be submitting the round-robin report for publication in the SeaWiFS TM Series. 5. Protocols Update Continued (J. Mueller) A. Final edits, as well as editorial improvements, will be made of the protocol revisions to reconcile any outstanding issues which surface in the discussion. B. An outline identifying unresolved protocol areas in which significant progress is expected, to be included in Revision 2, will be developed. 3.6.3 Workshop Wrap-Ups 1. Action Items A. K. Carder and G. Moore: refine the empirical rea also defined, and have undergone some revision. flectance ratio algorithm used in the chlorophyll algorithm. B. G. Moore: examine empirical CZCS pigment algorithms that incorporate a 490/555nm reflectance ratio. Collect comments on the draft Aiken et al. paper and assist co-authors in getting the manuscript submitted to the SeaWiFS Project for publication. C. J. Campbell and C. McClain: collect, organize, and distribute data sets suitable for testing the chlorophyll a algorithm (overall algorithm and specific components). D. D. Siegel: finalize the DARR report. E. J. Mueller: complete the accuracy analysis of the Austin-Petzold algorithm for the SeaWiFS bands. Submit the SIRREX-3 results to the SeaWiFS Project for publication. F. W. Balch, J. Campbell, K. Carder, G. Cota, G. Mitchell, G. Moore, and D. Siegel: conduct the chlorophyll a algorithm studies over the next 2-3 months and distribute their results to the SeaWiFS Project and the Bio-optical Algorithm Subgroup by the end of February. 16 3.7 Revised Baseline Product List The listings of standard products recommended by the Project Scientists, as of April 1994, are given in Tables 7-9. (These products may be revised in the future and will be reported in subsequent volumes of the SeaWiFS Technical Report Series.) There are a few changes from the original recommendations of the Bio-Optical Working Group. These changes have been made as a result of input from the Science Team and subsequent discussions within the SeaWiFS Project, in order to provide the most useful information at launch. Changes in the level-2 products include: a) saving the aerosol radiance (L_) at 670 nm rather than the water-leaving radiance at LWN(670), since the water-leaving radiance at 670nm is very small; and b) at launch, the atmospheric correction will assume that LwN(670) equals zero. The single scattering epsilon will be reported for the 670/865 combination, along with the aerosol optical depth at 865 nm. The level-3 binned products follow the level-2 product listing. It is important to note that binning must be optimized for a single product, in this case chlorophyll a, since only a single set of statistics for sample numbers will be accumulated. Accordingly, the high aerosol optical depth values, where the atmospheric correction may have unacceptably high errors, will not be included in the binned aerosol products. The flags planned for use at launch are The approach taken is to attempt to process all ocean data to level-2 and provide flags for certain conditions. Threshold values need to be set for several of the flags, and evaluated after launch. Where atmospheric correction is impossible, and over land, ice, and clouds, the total atsatellite radiance will be reported. The current defaults for producing level-3 fields according to how flags are set are also given. The present listing should serve well through the instrument check-out period. It is important to note that, if necessary, the products list can be revised with each reprocessing. For example, at some point, it might make sense to report water-leaving radiance at 670 nm for reflective waters, report values for 765nm corrections and aerosol parameters, and to have multiple level-3 products optimized for different geophysical fields, e.g., aerosols and coccolith concentration. The usefulness of the present binned water-leaving radiances can also be evaluated at that time. The final algorithms for some of the masks and flags are still being defined, e.g., the stray light flag. Once this initial suite of operational mask and flag algorithms is finalized, a separate summary description will be published in the Sea WiFS Technical Report Series.

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E.R.FirestoneandS.B.Hooker Table T. SeaWiFS level-2 products. Product Original Bytes Baseline LwN(412) Yes 2 LWN(443) Yes 2 LWN(490) Yes 2 LWN(510) Yes 2 LWN (555) Yes 2 L_(670) Yes 2 L_(765) Yes 2 La(865) Yes 2 e(670,865) No (865) No CZCS Pigment Yes 2 Chlorophyll a Yes 2 K(490) Yes 2 Masks/Flags Yes 2 Total 12 24 bytes/pixel Scaling All Linear Revised Bytes Baseline Yes 2 Yes 2 Yes 2 Yes 2 Yes 2 Yes 2 No Yes 2 Yes 1 Yes 1 Yes 2 Yes 2 Yes 2 Yes 2 13 24 bytes/pixel All Linear Masked Pixels Values = 0 Values = Level-1 radiances for Lucy and L_ products, 0 for other products Definitions: a) LWN= normalized water-leaving radiance; b) L= = aerosol radiance; c) r_ = aerosol optical thickness; d) Masks/Flags = bit plane overlays of QC parameters, e,g., cloud and ice mask, 0-30m isobath; and e) L_ and e values are single scattering parameters. Table 8. SeaWiFS level-3 binned products. Prod uc t Original Revised Baseline Baseline LWN(412) LWN (443) LWN(490) LWN(510) LWN(555) L_(670) L_(765) L_(865) e(670,865) %(865) CZCS Pigment Chlorophyll a K(490) Chlorophyll a/K (490) Total _lTes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes No No Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes 12 12 The SeaWiFS level-3 standard mapped images are: CZCS pigment, chlorophyll a, K(490), LwN(550), and %(865). 17

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SeaWiFS Technical Report Series Cumulative Index: Volumes 1-17 Table 9. SeaWiFS level-2 masks and flags. Parameter Bits Mask or Flag Bin Engineering Tolerance: can be displayed line by line Yes Tilt: can be displayed line by line Solar Zenith Angle S/C Zenith Angle High Lt Stray Light Land Bathymetry Cloud/Ice/Land Missing Ancillary Data Glint Atmospheric Correction Algorithm Failure High La(865) Negative Lw Coccolithophore Turbid Case-2 Low Lw (555) Level-3 Binning Total Definitions: 1. Flag: a bit plane is switched on, but data is still processed stray light, land mask, cloud/ice, glint, and coccolithophores. No 1 Flag No 1 Flag No 1 Flag No 1 Flag No 1 Mask No 1 Flag Yes 1 Mask No 1 Flag Yes 1 Flag No 1 Flagt No 1 Flag No 1 Flag No 1 Flag No 1 Flag Yes 1 Flag No 1 Flag No 16 Available 0 to level-2. Level-3 processing will exclude pixels flagged for tilt, 2. t: level-2 processing is attempted, but atmospheric correction procedures failed to return parametric values with unacceptable ranges. Level-1 Lt is assigned to the pixel values. 3. Mask: a bit plane is switched on, the pixel is assigned its level-1 count value and is not processed to level-2. Masked pixels are excluded from level-3 processing. 4. Scan Line Flags Engineering Tolerance: a bit-per-scan line is reserved within the level-2 file for each of 32 sensor engineering parameters to indicate if any of the parameters are outside normal operating range. 5. Tilt: the scan line ranges for each tilt state (-20 °, +20 °, 0 °, and tilting) are provided in the header of each file. Also, the tilt angle is stored with every scan line as a real number. Scan line ranges for the tilting state will be excluded from binning. 6. Pixel Flag and Mask Descriptions Solar Zenith Angle: all pixels with solar zenith angles greater than 70 ° will be flagged. 7. Spacecraft (S/C) Zenith Angle: all pixels with pixel-to-spacecraft zenith angles greater than the absolute value of 45 ° will be flagged. 8. High Lt: all pixels having counts (radiances) greater than the knee value (760 counts) in one or more bands will be flagged. 9. Stray Light: a fixed number of GAC pixels in the vicinity of a pixel whose count level exceeds a specified value will be flagged as being contaminated by stray light. The flag will be generated using both bands 7 and 8 because of the even-odd band asymmetry in the stray light and because the effects are most pronounced in these bands. 10. Land: pixels over land, as determined using an external database, will be masked. 11. Bathymetry: pixels over water with depths less than or equal to 30m, as determined using an external database, will be flagged. 12. Cloud/Ice/Land: pixels having an albedo at 865 nm greater than a fixed value, e.g., 0.9%, will be flagged. 13. Missing Ancillary Data: if a gap in the ancillary data exists, the monthly climatological value is used and the pixel will be flagged. 14. Glint: pixels having a L9(865 ) greater than a fixed fraction of Lt(865) will be masked. 15. Atmospheric Correction Algorithm Failure: pixels where the atmospheric correction algorithm fails to return epsilon values within a specified range will be flagged and assigned the level-1 total radiance values. 16. High L_: pixels having a L_(865) greater than a fixed fraction of Lt(865) will be flagged. 17. Negative Lw: any pixel having a computed Lw greater than zero will be flagged and the value will be set to zero. 18. Coccolithophore: using a modified version of the method of Brown and Yoder (1994), pixels selected as being contaminated by coccolithophores will be flagged. The primary modification will be to delete the L_(670) test. 19. Turbid Case-2: The reflectance algorithm recommended in Bricaud and Morel (1987) for discriminating between Case-1 and Case-2 waters will be used to flag Case-2 water. 20. Low Lw(555): Pixels where the water-leaving radiance at 555 nm is below a predefined level, e.g., 10 times the noise equivalent radiance (NEAL), will be flagged. 18

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E.R.FirestoneandS.B.Hooker 3.8 Colleagues' Addresses Following are the names and addresses of attendees of the various workshops and reviews presented in Sections 3.1 3.7. Members of the various teams and panels are identified with their team name(s) shown in slanted type face. James Aiken Sea WiFS Science Team Plymouth Marine Laboratory Prospect Place West Hoe Plymouth, PL1 3DH UNITED KINGDOM Telephone: 44-752 222772 Fax: 44-752-670637 Internet: j.aiken@pml.ac.uk Steven Ackleson Ocean Optics Program, Code 3233 Office of Naval Research 800 N. Quincy Street Arlington, VA 22217 Telephone: 703-696 4732 Fax: 703-696 4884 Inernet: ackless_onr hq.onr.navy.mil Robert Arnone NRL/Code 7240 Stennis Space Center, MS 39527 Telephone: 601-688-5268 Fax: 601-688-4149 Internet: arnone@csips2.nrlssc.navy.mil Kevin Arrigo NASA/GSFC/USRA/Code 971 Greenbelt, MD 20771 Telephone: 301-286 9634 Fax: 301-286-0240 Internet: kevin@shark.gsfc.nasa, gov William Balch Sea WiFS Science Team MBF/RSMAS/U. of Miami 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway Miami, FL 33149-1098 Telephone: 305-361-4653 Fax: 305-361 4600 Internet: balch@rcf.rsmas.miami.edu Michael Behrenfeld Brookhaven National Laboratory Upton, NY 11973 Telephone: 516-828-2123 Fax: 515-828-3000 Internet: behrenfe@bnluxl .bnl.gov Samuel Bergeson-Willis NASA/GSFC/Code 704 Greenbelt, MD 20771 Telephone: 301-286-5344 Fax: 301-286-1718 Internet: sam_bergeson-willis_ccmail.gsfc.nasa.gov William Broenkow Moss Landing Marine Laboratory PO Box 450 Moss Landing, CA 95039 Telephone: 408-633-3304 Internet: broenkow_mlml.calstat e.edu Christopher Brown NASA/GSFC/NRC/Code 971 Greenbelt, MD 20771 Telephone: 301 286-0946 Fax: 301-286-0240 Internet: chrisb_puffin.gsfc.nasa.gov Robert Caffrey MOBY Review Panel NASA/GSFC/Code 735 Greenbelt, MD 20771 Telephone: 301-286-4766 Internet: r.caffrey_,baloo.gsfc.nasa.gov Janet Campbell OPAL/Morse Hall Univ. of New Hampshire Durham, NH 03824 Telephone: 813-893 9148 Fax: 813-893 9189 Internet: campbell_kelvin.unh.edu Kendall Carder SealViFS Science Team Dept. of Marine Science MODIS Science Team Univ. of South Florida 140 Seventh Avenue, South St. Petersburg, FL 33701-5016 Telephone: 813-893 9148 Fax: 813-893 9189 Internet: kcarder@monty.marine.usf.edu Francisco Chavez Associate Scientist Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute 160 Central Avenue Pacific Grove, CA 93950 Telephone: 408-647 3709 Fax: 408-649-8587 Internet: chfr@mbari.org Dennis Clark Sea WiFS Science Team NOAA/NESDIS MODIS Science Team E/RA 28, WWB, Rm. 104 MOBY Team Washington, DC 20233 Telephone: 301-763-8102 Fax: 301-763-8020 Internet: dclark_orbit.nesdis.noaa.gov Mary Cleave Sea WiFS Project NASA/GSFC/Code 970.2 Greenbelt, MD 20771 Telephone: 301-286-1404 Fax: 301-286-1775 Internet: mary_ardbeg.gsfc.nasa.gov 19

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SeaWiFSTechnicalReportSeriesCumulative Index: Volumes 1-17 Glen Cota Ecology Program University of Tennessee Knoxville, TN 37996 Telephone: 615-974-3065 Fax: 615-974-3067 Internet: cota(_utkvx.utcc.utk.edu Michael Darzi SeaWiFS Project NASA/GSFC/GSC/Code 970.2 Greenbelt, MD 20771 Telephone: 301-286-9150 Fax: 301-286-1775 Internet: darzi_calval.gsfc, nasa.gov Curtiss Davis Code 7212/NRL 4555 Overlook Avenue Washington, DC 20375 Telephone: 202-767-9296 Fax: 202-404-7453 Internet: davis._rira.nrl.navy.mil Roland Doerffer Sea WiFS Science Team GKSS Forschungszentrum Geesthacht Max-Planck-Strasse D-2054 Geesthacht GERMANY Telephone: 49-4152-87-2480 Fax: 49-4152-87-2444 Telex: 0218712 Internet: doerffer_dvmc 10.gkss.de Internet: doerffer@pfsun 1.gkss.de Hajime Fukushima Sea WiFS Science Team Tokai University 317 Nishino Numazu, 410--03 JAPAN Telephone: 81-559-68-1211 ext. 4425 Fax: 81-559-68-1155 Internet: hajime@numazugw.cc.u-tokai.ac.jp Sonia Gallegos Naval Research Laboratory Code 7240-Remote Sensing Stennis Space Center, MS 39529 Telephone: 601-688-4867 Fax: 601-688-4149 Internet: gallegos@snaps, nrlssc.navy.mil Howard Gordon SeaWiFS Science Team UM/Dept. of Physics MODIS Science Team Coral Gables, FL 33124 Telephone: 305-284-2323 Fax: 305-284-4222 Internet: gordon@phyvax.ir.miami.edu Lawrence Harding 0112 Skinner Hall Univ. of Maryland College Park, MD 20742 Telephone: 301-405-6372 Fax: 301-314-9581 Internet: hardingl@mbimail.umd.edu Steven Hawes Wayne Esaias SeaWiFS Science Team Dept. of Marine Science NASA/GSFC/Code 971 MODIS Science Team Univ. of South Florida Greenbelt, MD 20771 Telephone: 301-286-5465 Fax: 301-286-0240 Internet: wayne_petrel.gsfc.nasa.gov Robert Evans SeaWiFS Science Team MPO/RSMAS/U. of Miami MODIS Science Team 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway Miami, FL 33149 Telephone: 305-361-4799 Fax: 305-361-4622 Internet: bob@rsmas.miami.edu Guiletta Fargion Dept. of Marine Biology Texas A&M Galveston Box 1675 Galveston, TX 77553 Telephone: 409-740-4529 Internet: g-fargion@tamu.edu Robert Frouin NASA Headquarters Code YS Washington, DC 20546 Telephone: 202 554-6479 Fax: 202-554_6499 Internet: rfrouin_ucsd.edu 2O 140 Seventh Ave., South St. Petersburg, FL 33701 Telephone: 813-893-9503 Fax: 813-893-9189 Internet: ska@monty.marine.usf.edu Frank Hoge SeaWiFS Science Team NASA/GSFC/WFF MODIS Science Team Wallops Island, VA 23337 Telephone: 804-824-1567 Fax: 804-824-2343 Fax: 804-824-1036 Internet: hoge@osbl .wff.nasa.gov Stanford Hooker Sea WiFS Project NASA/GSFC/Code 970.2 MOBY Review Panel Greenbelt, MD 20771 Telephone: 301-286-9503 Fax: 301-286-1775 Internet: stan@ardbeg.gsfc.nasa.gov Shane Hynes MOBY Review Panel Swales Associates 5050 Powder Mill Road Beltsville, MD 20705 Telephone: 301-572-1220 Internet: s-hynes@swales.com

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E.R.FirestoneandS.B.Hooker DanielKamykowski Sea WiFS Science Team NCSU/MEAS/Box 8208 Raleigh, NC 27695 Telephone: 919-515-7894 Fax: 919-515-7802 Internet: dan_3camykowski@ncsu.edu Motoaki Kishino Sea WiFS Science Team Inst. of Phys. &: Chem. Res. Hirosawa 2-1 Wako-shi, Saitama, 351-01 JAPAN Telephone: 81-48-462-1111 ext. 3635 Fax: 81-48-462-1449 Internet: kishino_rkna50.riken.go.j p Span: rik835::in%" kishino_rkna50.riken.go.jp" Oleg Kopelevich Sea WiFS Science Team P.P. Shirshov Inst. of Oceanology 23 Krasikova St. Moscow, 117218 RUSSIA Telephone: 7-095-124-7583 Fax: 7-095-292-6511 Telex: 411968 Okean SU Internet: lomi_lobelc.msk.su Marion Lewis Sea WiFS Science Team Department of Oceanography Dalhousie University Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 4J 1 Telephone: 902-492-4780 Fax: 902-4924781 Internet: marlon@predator.ocean.dal.ca Charles McClain SeaWiFS Science Team NASA/GSFC/Code 971 SeaWiFS Project Greenbelt, MD 20771 MOBY Review Panel Telephone: 301-286-5377 Fax: 301-286-2717 Internet: mcclain_calval.gsfc.nasa.gov Todd Miller MOBY Review Panel NASA/GSFC/Code 735 Greenbelt, MD 20771 Telephone: 301-286-3112 Fax: 301-286-1643 Internet: nnjtm@vx 730.gsfc.nasa.gov B. Greg Mitchell SeaWiFS Science Team UCSD/MRD 0218 La Jolla, CA 92093-0218 Telephone: 619-534-2687 Fax: 619-534-2997 Internet: bgmitchell_ucsd.edu Gerald Moore Plymouth Marine Laboratory Prospect Place West Hoe Plymouth, PLI 3DH UNITED KINGDOM Telephone: 44 752-222772 Fax: 44-752-670637 Internet: g.moore@pml.ac.uk Andr6 Morel SeaWiFS Science Team Lab de Physique et Chimie Marines Universit6 Pierre et Marie Curie BP 08, 06230 Villefranche Sur Mer FRANCE Telephone: 33-93-76-37-11 Fax: 33-93-76-37-39 Internet: morel_ccrv.obs-vlfr, fr John Morrison North Carolina State University Dept. of Marine, Earth, and Atmospheric Sciences Jordan Hall, Room 1125 Box 8208 Raleigh, NC 27695-8208 Telephone: 919-515-7449 Fax: 919-515-7802 Internet: john_morrison@ncsu.edu John Morrow Biospherical Instruments, Inc. 5340 Riley Street San Diego, CA 92110 Telephone: 619-686-1888 Fax: 619-686--1887 Internet: morrow@biospherical.com James Mueller SeaWiFS Science Team SDSU/CHORS 6505 Alvarado Road, Suite 206 San Diego, CA 92120-5005 Telephone: 619-594 2230 Fax: 619-594-4570 Internet: j. mueller@chors.sdsu.edu Frank Muller-Karger Sea WiFS Science Team Dept. of Marine Science Univ. of South Florida 140 Seventh St., South St. Petersburg, FL 33701 Telephone: 813-893-9186 Fax: 813-893-9189 Internet: carib_carbon.marine.usf.edu Andreas Neumann DLR, Institute for Space Sensing Applications German Aerospace Research Establishment Rudower Chaussee 5 0-1199 Berlin, GERMANY Telephone: 49-30-69545-640 Fax: 49-30-69545-642 Internet: neumann@dvi.ws.ba.dlr.de David Phinney Bigelow Laboratory McKown Point W. Boothbay Harbor, ME 04575 Telephone: 207-633-9600 Fax: 207-633-9641 Richard Reaves AIOB Y Team Moss Landing Marine Laboratory PO Box 450 Moss Landing, CA 95039 Telephone: 408-755-8675 Fax: 408-755-8686 Internet: reaves@ mlml.calstate.edu 21

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SeaWiFSTechnicalReportSeriesCumulativeIndex:Volumes1-17 ThomasRiley NASA/GSFC/Code916 Greenbelt,MD20771 Telephone:301-286-6807 Internet: riley@chapman.gsfc.nasa.gov David Siegel Sea WiFS Science Team UCSB/CRSEO Santa Barbara, CA 93106-3060 Telephone: 805-893-4547 Fax: 805-893-2578 Internet: davey_0c rseo.uesb.edu Raymond Smith Sea WiFS Science Team CRSEO/UCSB Santa Barbara, CA 93106 Telephone: 805-893-4709 Fax: 805 893-2578 Inter_et: ray@crseo.ucsb.edu Petra Stegman Graduate School of Oceanography Univ. of Rhode Island South Ferry Road Narragansett, RI 02882 Telephone: 401-792-6863 Fax: 401-792-6728 Internet: pet ra@uri.gso.uri.edu Richard Stumpf Center for Coastal Geology US Geological Survey 600 4 TMStreet St. Petersburg, FL 33701 Telephone: 813-893-3100 ext. 3024 Fax: 813-893-3333 Internet: rstumpf@wayback.er.usgs.gov Ajit Subramaniam Brookhaven National Laboratory Upton, NY 11973 Telephone: 516-828-2123 Fax: 515-828-3000 Internet: ajit@bnlcl6.bnl.gov Charles Trees SeaWiFS Science Team SDSU/CHORS 6505 Alvarado Road, Suite 206 San Diego, CA 92120-5005 Telephone: 619-594-2241 Fax: 619-594-4570 Internet: chuck_chors.sdsu.edu Alan Webb NASA Headquarters Code YD Washington, DC 20456 Telephone: 202-554-6482 Fax: 202-554-6499 Internet: awebb@mtpe.hq.nasa.gov 22 AlanWeidemann NOARL/Code331 StennisSpaceCenter,MS39529 Telephone:601-688-5253 Fax: 601-688-5997 Mark Yarbrough MOB Y Team Moss Landing Marine Laboratory PO Box 450 Moss Landing, CA 95039 Telephone: 408-755-8685 Fax: 408-755-8686 Internet: yarbrough_mlml.calst ate.edu Charles Yentsch Sea WiFS Science Team Bigelow Laboratory McKown Point W. Boothbay Harbor, ME 04575 Telephone: 207-633-9600 Fax: 207-633-9641 James Yoder SeaWiFS Science Team URI/GSO Narragansett, RI 02882 Telephone: 401-792-6864 Fax: 401-792-8098 Internet: yoder @uri.gso.uri.edu J. Ronald Zaneveld SeaWiFS Science Team Oregon State University Ocean. Admin. Bldg. 104 Corvallis, OR 97331-5503 Telephone: 503-737-3571 Fax: 503-737-2064 Internet: zaneveld@oce.orst.edu James Zaitzeff NOAA/NESDIS Oceanic Sciences Branch, Code E/RA13 World Weather Bldg., Rm. 102 Washington, DC 20233 Telephone: 301-763-8231 Fax: 301-763-8020 Internet: jzaitzeff_or bit.nesdis.noaa.gov Gerhard Zimmerman DLR, Institute for Space Sensing Applications German Aerospace Research Establishment Rudower Chaussee 5 0-1199 Berlin, GERMANY Telephone: 49-30-69545-669 Fax: 49-30-69545- 642

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E.R.FirestoneandS.B.Hooker CUMULATIVEINDEX azimuth: Unlessindicatedotherwise,the indexentriesthat followreferto someaspectof the SeaWiFSinstrumentor project,for example,the missionoverview index entry refers to an overview of the SeaV_'iFS mission. A baselines, 8(6 13). absorption study: pressure and oxygen, 13(ch. 3). absorption correction, 13(19-20). Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer, see AVHRR. airborne spectral radiometry, 5(7-8). aircraft calibration technique, 3(Fig. 19 p. 27). algorithms, 1(3, 17); 4(2). atmospheric correction, 3(1--2, Fig. 4 p. 5, 16, 23, 27-28, 31, 32 34); 8(4, Table 1 p. 14, 17, Table 4 p. 21); 13(1, 4, 9, 27). bio-optical, Vol. 5. data, 9(1); 12(3-4). database development, 3(28). derived products, 3(27-28); 13(1). development, 1(5); 3(23, 27-35, Fig. 22 p. 33); 5(Table 4 p. 11); 8(4, 10). field studies, 3(30-32, Fig. 22 p. 33, 34 35). input values, 13(Table 16 p. 44). linearity and stability, 5(12). optical measurements, Vol. 5. pigment, 13(1, 12). validation of, 1(3); 8(16, Table 4 p. 21). see also GAC. along-track, 3(38). see also propagation model. ancillary: data climatologies, 13(2, ch. 7, and Plates: 16-18). measurements, 5(8, 27-28, 30). animation: meteorological data sets, 13(41-42). ozone data sets, 13(41-42). ascending node, Vol. 2. computation methods, 2(1 2). tilt strategy, 2(Table 1 p. 2). atmospheric conditions, 9(6-7). atmospheric contributions, 9(4-6). atmospheric measurements, 5(2, 28 29). at-satellite radiances, 15(7-13, Table 10 p. 11). AVHRR: deriving vegetation index, 7(2). GAC data, 7(3-4). LAC data, 7(2-4). LDTNLR test, 7(4). nighttime IR data, 7(5). thermal IR channels, 7(1). angles at equinox, 2(2, 10, 16). angles at solstice, 2(Fig. 5 p. 7, 10, 16). satellite angle, 13(46). solar angle, 2(2, 16); 7(1); 13(Table 11 p. 29, ,16). spacecraft angle, 2(2, Fig. 6 p. 8, 16); 13(Table 11 p. 29). relative angle, 2(2, Fig. 7 p. 9, 10, Fig. 10 p. 13, 16). -Balgorithms, 8(6-7). ancillary data, 8(7). data archive and delivery, 8(9---10). data for bio-optical algorithms, 8(10). data for vicarious calibration, 8(10-11). data processing and software, 8(8-9). data products, 8(12-13). data quality and acceptance, 8(7 8). detector failure contingency, 8(11). equator crossing contingency, 8(12). ground station support, 8(11). in situ data policy, 8(13). launch slip contingency, 8(11). level-3 binning, 8(8, 16). loss of tilt contingency, 8(11). navigation accuracy contingency, 8 (11). optical protocols, 8(12). orbit contingency, 8(12). orbital altitude contingency, 8(11). power limitation contingency, 8(11). products, 3(27 28); 5(1). real-time data access, 8(12). recommendations, 8(13-19). see also data. basin-scale processes, 1(4, 6-7). biogeochemical, 1(2, 19); 8(1). properties, 5(6-7). see also Science Team Meeting, Abstracts. bio-optical: algorithms, 1(19); 3(8, 13, Fig. 20 p. 29, 29); 5(3); 8(10). algorithm working group members, 8(Table 1 p. 14); 12(Table 1 p. 3, 3). Algorithm Workshop, 12(3-5, 6-8). data 12(Table 2 p. 4). see also algorithm development. bio-optics, 1(3, 5, 7, 19); 8(10). algorithm, 13(1, ch. 1, 27). bright target recovery, 15(Fig. 8 p. 15). Brouwer-Lyddane model, 11(2-5, 11, 15-16, Figs. 5-8 pp. 8-9, Fig. 13 p. 12); 15(2-3). see also models. buoy: see MOBY. see optical buoy. see optical mooring. 23

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SeaWiFSTechnicalReportSeriesCumulative Index: Volumes 1-17 -Ccalibration, 5(2); lO(Tables 1-2 p. 4, Fig. 3 p. 6, Fig. 20 p. 23, Fig. 21 p.24); Vol. 14; Vol. 16. background on, 10(2-3). initialization, 5(4-6). in situ instruments, 14(2). lunar, 1(11, 18); 3(Fig. 15 p. 22); 10(1-3, 7, 10, Table 3 p. 10, Fig. 9 p. 11, Figs. 12-15 pp. 14-17, Fig. 16 p.20, Fig. 19 p. 22, Table 4-5 p. 19, 25); 15(Fig. 2 p. 5, Table 5 p. 7, Figs. 22-23 pp. 34-35). onboard, 3(21); 5(2-3); 10(1-2). pigment, 5(24). quality control, 10(25). round-robin, 8(4, 17, Table 4 p. 21); Vol. 14; Vol. 16. sensor, 1(11); 5(2-3); 17(2, 3). solar, 1(11, 18); 3(24); 10(1-7, Fig. 2 p. 5, Fig. 4 p. 6, Figs. 5-8 pp. 8-9, Figs. 10-11 pp. 12-13, 18); 15(Fig. 3 p. 6, Table 5 p, 7, Fig. 20 p. 32). solar diffuser, 10(3-5, 7). spectral, 5(24). sphere test, 14(Fig. B2 p. 48, Table B2 p. 49). sun photometers, 5(24). system test, 14(Fig. B1 p. 48). trend analysis, 10(25). vicarious, 5(2-4); 8(10-11). working group members, 8(Table 1 p. 14). see also round-robin. see also SeaStar. see also sphere. calibration and validation, 1(3, 8, 14, 18-22); Vol. 3; 17(3, 5-6, 10-14, 15). baselines, 3(17); 8(3); see also baselines. field deployment, 8(17, Table 2 p. 18, Table 4 p. 20). on board, 3(21-23). post-launch, 3(23-27). prelaunch program, 3(17-21). program milestones, 3(Fig. 12 p. 14). program schematic, 3(Fig. 11 p. 14). team (CVT), 13(1). see also calibration. see also CVT. see also initialization. characterization: collector cosine response, 5(18-19). immersion factors, 5(19-20). pressure effects, 5(21). radiance field-of-view, 5(18). radiometric, 5(15-17). spectral bandpass, 5(15). temperature, 5(20-21). temporal response, 5(17). climatology generation, 13(40-41). cloud detection, 7(1, 5). MODIS, 7(1). see also MODIS-N. cloud screening, Vol. 7. 24 cloud screening cont. determining thresholds, 7(2-3). direct thresholds, 7'(1-4). evaluating methods, 7(5-6). more complex methods, 7(4-5). spatial coherence, 7(3-4). see also AVHRR GAC data. COADS: data, 13(Plates: 16-18). time series, 13(36-40). Coastal Zone Color Scanner, see CZCS. command: schedules, 15(3-7, Table 3 p. 4, Table 4 p. 6). sequence, 15(Tables 7-8 p. 11). commercial applications, 1(7). Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set, see COADS. contingencies: detector failure, 8(11). equator crossing, 8(12). launch slip, 8(11). loss of tilt, 8(11). navigation accuracy, 8(11). orbit, 8(12). orbital altitude, 8(11). power limitation, 8(11). correction study: pressure and oxygen, 13(ch. 4). cross-track, see propagation model. CVT, 13(1). CZCS, 1(1, 5, 6-7, 19); 3(1). algorithms, 3(1-11, 23); 13(ch. 1). application of data, 9(7-9). calibration and validation, 17(10-11). channels, 7(1, 5). data collection, 3(6, Fig. 5 p. 5, 21, 30), 7(1). global sampling, 3(Fig. 9 p. 10). level-2 products, 4(1). level-2 processing parameters, 4(Table 2 p. 2). modeling compared to SeaWiFS, 3(Fig. 4 p. 5). orbit, 3(2). orbital characteristics, 9(Table 2 p. 3). overlapping scenes study, 13(ch. 5). parameters and characteristics, l(Table 2 p. 5), 3(Table 1 p. 1). pigment algorithm, 13(Tables 12-13 p. 31). pigment concentration, 1(5-6); 3(1-2, 8, 27); 13(1, 2, 4, Figs. 1-5 pp. 5-8, 9, Figs. 8-9 p. 11, 15, Figs. 14-16 pp. 17-18, 22, Figs. 18-19 p. 26, Fig. 20 p. 28, Table 10 p. 29, ch. 6, Table 18 p. 45, and Plates: 1-14, 19-20). quality control, 3(Fig. 7 p. 8, Fig. 8 p. 9, 32, 35). ringing mask comparison, 13(2, ch. 8, and Plate 19). sensor, 1(5); 3(8). sensor degradation, 3(23). time of launch, 2(1). vicarious calibration, 3(Fig. 6 p. 7, 11, 23, 24-27); 5(3-4). see also NET.

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E.R.FirestoneandS.B.Hooker -Ddata: ancillary,8(7);13(2,Fig.23p.36). archive and delivery, 5(2); 8(9-10). collection, 3(24); 8(4). distribution, 1(16); 8(2, 4, 16, 17). format, 8(43-44); 12(5); 15(16-20, Fig. 9 p. 17). interpolation, 13(22). management, 1(3, 11-18); 3(32). policy, 3(37-38); 8(13, Table 4 p. 21, 41-42). processing, 1(3, Fig. 2 p.4, 11-16, Fig. 10 p.20, 22); 3(13, 32); 7(5); 8(4, 8-9); 13(16, 21, 35). products, 8(12-13, 15-17, Table 4 pp. 20-21, 42-43); 15(2). quality and acceptance, 8(7-8). real-lime access of, 8(12). requirements, 5(4-6). subsampling, 4(1). system, 17(3-4, 12-14). using SEAPAK with, 4(1-2). data sets, 1(3); Vol. 9; Vol. 15. animation of, 13(41-42). atmospheric conditions, 9(6-7). atmospheric contributions, 9(4-6). availability of, 9(9-13); 15(40). code for simulating, 9(13-15). external, 15(Table 9 p. 11). meteorological, 13(35, Table 14 p. 36). meteorological animation, 13(41-42). methods for simulating, 9(2-7). normalized water-leaving radiances, 9(2-3). orbit model, 9(3-4). ozone, 13(35, Fig. 31 p.42). ozone animation, 13(41-42). simulated total radiances, 9(Figs. 2 4 pp. 10-12). start and stop times, 9(Table 6 p. 9). ten-bit words and data structures, 9(7). viewing and solar geometries, 9(4-6). descending node, Vol. 2. see also ascending node. detector failure contingency, see contingencies. -E- EOS-Color, 17(3, 9-10, 11, 13-17). EOSDIS, 17(3, 13, 17). equator crossing time, 2(10, 16); 9(Tables 6-7 p. 9). contingency, 8(12). equinox: see azimuth. see sun glint. see zenith. -Ffield deployment, see calibration and validation. field program: instrumentation, 3(34 35). field program cont. computing network, 3(Fig. 21 p. 31). filter radiometer, 14(Table B9 p. 56). flags: algorithm, 8(3, 4, 17). level-2 processing, 8(7); 12(4, Table 3 p. 4). -G- GAC, 1(3, 16); 15(4); 17(5, 12). AVHRR data, 7(3). algorithms, Vol. 4. data, 15(2, 21-27, Figs. 11-14 pp. 22-25, Plates: 1-2). generation mechanisms, 4(Table 1 p. 1). generation methods, Vol. 4. resolution, 4(Plates: 1-8). sampling techniques, Vol. 4. see also AVHRR. geometry, 2(1). derived parameters, 2(1). solar, 2(1, 10, 16). sun glint, 2(1). viewing, 2(1, 10, 16). see also azimuth. see also zenith. global area coverage, see GAC. global-scale processes, 1(6-7). ground coverage, 2(2, Fig. 1 p. 3). ground station support, 8 (11). ground systems and support, 1(14-15). -H- HRPT: data, 1(14, 19); 8(8 9, 19); 15(2, 4, 27, Figs. 24-27 pp. 36- 39, and Plates: 4-6). policies, 8(17, Table 4 p. 20). infrared radiometers, 7(1). initialization, 5(4-6, Table 1 p. 5). sampling, 5(31-32). -Iintercalibration, Vol. 14; Vol. 16. sources, 14(Table 1 p. 4). data archive 14(56-57, Tables C1 and C2 p. 57). -J, Kjoint commercial aspects, 1(8). -L- LAC, 1(3). data, 1(8, 11); 15(2, 4, 27, Figs. 16-19 pp.28-31,and Plate 3). lamps, Vol. 14; Vol. 16. apparent drift, 14(Fig. 6 p. 13). calibration setup, 14(Fig. B7 p. 53). GSFC reference, 14(Table 3 p. 12). 25

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SeaWiFSTechnicalReportSeriesCumulativeIndex:Volumes1-17 lampscont. irradiance, 14(Fig. B4 p. 50, Table B5 p. 52, Fig. B8 p. 53, Table B7 p. 55). operating currents, 14(Table 8 p. 28). standards, 16(3-23). see also calibration. see also spectral irradiance. see also spectral radiance. see also sphere. see also transfer. lunar observations, Vol. 10. -Mmarine optical buoy: see MOBY. see optical buoy. mask: algorithm, 8(3, 4, 17). level-2 processing, 3(6); 8(7); 12(4, Table 3 p. 4). Miami edge, 13(29). see also sun glint. measurement protocols, 5(26-33). meeting agenda, see Science Team Meeting. mesoscale processes, 1(6). Miami edge mask, 13(29). mission: operations, 1(14-18); 11(1-2, 15). overlap, 17(12). overview, Vol. i; 8(1). MOBY, 1(3); 8(3, 4). system schematic, 3(Fig. 17 p. 25). see also optical buoy. see also optical mooring. modeling, 10(1, 10, 18, 25). models: orbital prediction, 1(17). see also Brouwer-Lyddane models. see also modeling. see also perturbation models. see also propagation models. MODIS or MODIS-N, 1(19); 17(3, 5, 6-7, 8, 11, 13-15). instrument characteristics, 3(Table 4 p. 12). presentations, 8(3-5). -Nnavigation, 8(11); 9(4); 11(2); 15(3). of pixels, 9(4). NET, 3(2, Figs. 1-3 pp. 2-4, 29-30); 12(4). NIMBUS Experiment Team, see NET. normalized water-leaving radiances, 1(15); 3(2, 6, 24, 28-29, 37-38); 4(1-3, 20); 5(1, 3-4, 6, 8, 13, 31-32, 37-38); 8(16, 42); 9(2-3). non-research uses, 1(7-8). -Oocean color, 1(1-4, 8, 10); 8(1-3, 22-43); 13(1, ch. 4); Vol. 17. 26 ocean color cont. future missions, 3(Fig. 10 p. 12). requirements, 1(2). see also algorithm development. ocean optics protocols, Vol. 5; 8(12, 14-15, Table 4 p. 20). see also Protocols W'orkshop. OCTS, 1(2); 3(11); 17(4, 10, 13, 17). instrument characteristics, 3(Table 3 p. 11). operational applications, 1(7-8). optical buoy, 3(Fig. 17 p. 25). drifting, 5(9, 31). mooring, 3(Fig. 18 p. 26); 5(8, 30-31). see also MOBY. optical instruments, Vol. 5; 10(Figs. 17-19 pp. 21-22). optical measurements, 5(1). accuracy specifications, 5(9-15). analysis methods, 5(33-39). science community, role of, 5(3). sensor characterization, 5(15-25, Tables 2-4 pp. 10-11). see also MOBY. see also optical buoy. orbit, 3(23). contingency, 8(12). distribution of local time, 2(Fig. 2 p. 4). downlink, 15(4, Table 3 p. 4). parameters, 1(18); 2(2). propagation, 15(3, Table 3 p. 3). see also propagation model. orbital: altitude contingency, 8(11). characteristics, 9(1, Table 3 p. 3); 15(Table lb p. 3). elements, 11(2). oxygen absorption band, 13(16, 19, Fig. 17 p. 19). ozone: absorption, 13(9, 21). concentration, 13(9, Figs. 6-7 p. 10, Figs. 11-12 p. 13, and Plate 15). correction, 13(22, and Plates: 7-13). control point value, 13(Tables 7-9 pp. 24-25). data analysis, 13(1, ch. 2). images, 13(Plates: 7-13). optical thickness, 18(Fig. 10 p. 12). see also data set, ozone. -pperturbations model: general, 11(2-3). special, 11(2). photodetector measurements, 14(Table A1 p. 47). pigment: concentration, l(Plates: i-5); 3(32); 4(Table 1 p. I, Table 3 p. 3, Figs. 5-11 pp. 6-9, and Plates: 1-8); 5(2); 8(4). mean, 13(Tables i-2 p. 8). see also CZCS, pigment concentration. data, 9(2). values, 4(Fig. 26 p. 15, Figs. 31-33 pp. 18-19).

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E.R.FirestoneandS.B.Hooker pigmentcont. see also calibration. pixel size, 3(Fig. C1 p. 39). Prelaunch Science W'orking Group, see SPSWG. pressure: surface, see surface pressure. pressure and oxygen: absorption study, 13(ch. 3) correction study, 13(ch. 4, and Plates: 8, 10, 12) primary productivity, 1(1); 5(7); 17(8-9). working group members, 8(Table 1 p. 14). proceedings: Science Team Meeting, Vol. 8. see also Science Team Meeting. Project, 1(3); 3(1, 13, 16, 23-24, 32, 34, 38). goals, 1(2-3). objectives, 1(3). organization and personnel, l(Table 4 p. 22); 3(Fig 13 p. 15). presentations, 8(3-5). responsibilities, 12(3-4). schematic, l(Fig. 8 p. 12, Fig. 9 p. 13). structure, 3(13-16). propagation model: along-track, 11(5, Figs. 1-8 pp. 6-9, Fig. 11 p. 11, Figs. 12-14 pp. 12-13, Fig. 16 p. 14). cross-track, 11(5, Fig. 9 p. 10, Fig. 15 p. 13, Fig. 17 p. 14). orbit, Vol. 11. radial, 11(4, 5, Fig. 10 p. 10). Protocols Workshop, (ocean optics), 12(3, 5-8). team members and guests, 12(Table 1 p. 3). attendees addresses, 12(6-8). -Qquality control, 3(29-30, 35-36); 10(Fig. 20 p. 23). flags, 12(3-4). level-1 screening, 3(35). level-2 product screening, 3(35-36). level-3 product screening, 3(36). level-2 quality control, 3(35); 8(4). masks, 12(4). see also bio-optical algorithm workshop. -Rradial, see propagation model. radiometric profiles, 5(33-39). radiometric specifications, 3(36-37, Table A1 p. 36); 8(4). radiance measurements, 14(Table 9 pp. 29-30, Table 10 p. 31, Fig. 15 p. 32, Table 11 pp. 33-35, 44); 16(Table 6-7 pp. 37-44). calibration factors, 18(Fig. 18 p. 46). output, 14(Table 12-14 pp. 38-41). see also spectral radiance. see also spectral irradiance. reflectance: plaque, 14(31, 41); 16(lll). research: applications, 1(3-5). cruises, 3(30-32). round-robin, Vol. 14; Vol. 16. calibration, 8(4, 17, Table 4 p. 21); 12(4). protocols working group, 8(Table 1 p. 14). -S satellite remote sensing, 7(1). saturation radiances, 3(Tables A2 through A4 pp. 36-37); 15(Table ll p. 13). scale, Vol. 14. see also transfer. scanning characteristics, 9(1). science mission goals, 3(12 13). Science Team Meeting, Vol. 8. abstracts, 8(22 41). agenda, 8(5-6). attendees, 8(51 59). executive committee, 8(22). invited presentations, 8(1-3). questionnaire, 8(19-22, 44-51). SEAPAK, 4(1-2, 20). SeaStar, 1(1, 3, 8); 2(1-2); 3(21); 10(3,7). launch sequence, l(Fig. 4 p. 9). operational system, l(Fig. 6 p. 10). orbital simulation parameters, 2(Table 1 p. 2); ll(Table 1 p. 1). pitch rate, 10(7). satellite, l(Fig. 5 p. 9). spacecraft description, 1(8 10). SeaWiFS instrument, 1(1, 5_, 8, 10-11). acceptance testing, 8(4, 13-14, Table 4 p. 20). bandwidths, l(Table 1 p. 1, Fig. 2 p. 2, 11). calibration and characterization, 3(Fig 14 p. 18); 8(4). characteristics, 2(Table 1 p. 2); 3(Table 2 p. 11, 13). description, 1(10-11). launch time, 2(1). major milestones, 3(Table 7 p. 21). monitoring of, 1(18). operations schedules, 1(17 18). scanner, 1(11, Fig. 7 p. 14). sensitivities, 1(5, Fig. 3 p.6); 5(Table 4 p. 11, 14). spectral bands, l(ll); 9(1, Table 1 p. 2). telemetry parameters, 3(Table 8 p. 23). test plan summary, 3(Table 6 pp. 19-20). vicarious calibration, 5(3-4, 33). see also optical instruments. sensor: characterization, 5( 15-25); 15(13). CZCS, see CZCS. monitoring, 1(18). operations schedules, 1 (17). ringing, 4(2). 27

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SeaWiFSTechnicalReportSeriesCumulative Index: Volumes 1-17 sensor cont. ringing mask, 13(2, 27, Plate: 19). saturation response, 15(13, 27-39). tilt, 15(Fig. 1 p. 5). see also characterization. see also CZCS, ring mask comparison. SeaWiFS, see SeaWiFS instrument. ship shadow avoidance, 5(25-26). shunt, 16(111-116). tests, 14(41-42). SIRREX: see SIRREX-1. see SIRREX-2. SIRREX-1, Vol. 14. attendees, 14(57-58). equipment and tests, 14(Table B1 p. 49). participants, 14(Table 1 p. 4). validation process, 14(Fig. 1 p. 3). SIRREX-2, Vol. 16. attendees, 16(116-118). equipment and tests, 16(Table A1 p. 117). participants, 16(Table A1 p. 117). solar irradiance measurements, 3(Fig 16 p. 22). solar observations, VoL 10. see also calibration. solstice: see azimuth. see sun glint. see zenith. spectral bands, 1(1-2); 5(Table 2 p. 10, 17); 9(1, Table 1 p. 2); 15(Table lap. 2). spectral reflectance, 16(Table 20 pp. 112-113, Fig. 31 p. 114). spectral irradiance, 5(13, 16, 25-27); 8(25); 14(Figs. 2-5 pp. 8-11, Figs. 7-14 pp. 20-27, Fig. 18 p. 43); 16(Figs. 2-5 pp. 6-9, Tables 1-5 pp. 10-23, Figs. 6-16 pp. 25-35). and radiance measurements, 3(2); 5(13, 16, 21-23, 25-27). calibration geometry, 14(Fig. B3 p. 50). see also lamps. spectral radiance, 5(21-23, 25-27); 8(25); 14(Figs. 16-17 pp. 36-37, 45-47, Fig. A2 p. 46, 47, 52, 55-56) BSI sphere, 16(Fig. 22 p. 73, Table 14 pp. 79-81, 62). CHORS sphere, 16(62, Figs. 23-27 pp. 74-78, Tables 15-16 pp. 82-90). calibration, 14(Fig. A1 p. 46). GSFC sphere, 16(36, Fig. 17 p. 45, Figs. 19-20 pp. 47-48, Tables 8-10 pp. 49-61, Fig. 21 p. 63, Tables 11-13 pp. 64- 72, 118-119, Figs. C1 and C2 p. 119). NOAA sphere, 16(81, Table 19 pp. 106-109, Fig. 30 p. 110). UCSB sphere, 16(62, 81, Table 17 pp. 91-95, Fig. 28 p. 96). WFF sphere, 16(81, Table 18 pp. 97-103, Fig. 29 p. 104). see also sphere sources. sphere, Vol. 14. calibration setup, 14(Fig. B5 p. 51, Fig. B9 p. 54). 28 sphere cont. integrating, 14(28-31, 45). measurements, 14(Table B8 p. 55). radiances, 14(Table B3 p. 49, Fig. B6 p. 51, Table B4 p. 52, Table B6 p. 52). source comparisons, 14(42-44). sources, 16(23-111). SPSWG, 1(1); 3(Table 5 p. 16, 27-28). stability tests, 14(42). stray light response, 15(Fig. 7 p. 14). sun glint, 1(18); 2(1, 10, 14); 3(6); 15(4). at equinox, 2(10). flag sensitivity study, 13(ch. 9, Plate: 20). at solstice, 2(10, 16). radiance distribution, 2(Fig. 8 p. 11, Fig. 11 p. 14). surface pressure, 8(4, 7); 13(Table 3 p. 16, Fig. 13 p. 17, 19-22, Tables 4-6 p. 23-24, and Plates: 6-7, and 17). -T, Utelemetry, 1(10, 14); 8(11); 9(1, 2, 7, Fig. 1 p., 9); 10(1, Figs. 20-21 pp. 23-24, 25); 15(2, 13-20, Figs. 9-10 pp. 17- 18, Tables 12-13 pp. 19-20, Table 14 p. 21). transfer, Vol. 14. irradiance scale, 14(Table 2 pp. 6-7, Tables 4-7 pp. 14-19, 28). -V, W, X, Yvalidation: algorithm, 8(16). product, 8(10, 16). sampling, 5(2, 31-33). see also algorithms. see also calibration. see also calibration and validation. viewing and solar geometries, 9(4-6); 13(3, 46). visible radiometers, 7(1). see also AVHRR. see also CZCS. see also MODIS. see also SeaWiFS instrument. voltmeter, 16(111-116). tests, 14(41-42). -Zzenith, 2(10). angles at equinox, 2(2, 16). angles at solstice, 2(10, 16). satellite angle, 13(15, 19, 46). solar angle, 2(2, Fig. 3 p. 5, 10, Fig. 9 p. 12, Fig. 12 p. 15, Table 3 p. 16, 16); 3(2, 8, 23); 7(1, 4); 9(Table 6 p. 9); 13(Table 11 p. 29, 46). spacecraft angle, 2(2, Fig. 4 p. 6, 10, 16); 13(Table 11 p. 29).

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E.R. Firestone and S.B. Hooker GLOSSARY A AC Alternating Current ACCAntarctic Circumpolar Current ACRIMActive Cavity Radiometer Irradiance Monitor ACSAttitude Control System A/D Analog-to-Digital ADEOSAdvanced Earth Observation Satellite (Japan) AE /ngstr6m Exponent ALSCATALPHA and Scattering Meter (Note: the symbol c corresponds to c(A), the beam attenuation coefficient, in present usage). AM-I Not an acronym, used to designate the morning platform of EOS. AMCAngular Momentum Compensation AOCIAirborne Ocean Color Imager AOLAirborne Oceanographic Lidar AOPApparent Optical Property AOS/LOSAcquisition of Signal/Loss of Signal ARGOSNot an acronym, but the name given to the data collection and location system on the NOAA Operational Satellites. ARI Accelerated Research Initiative ASCIIAmerican Standard Code for Information Interchange ASIItalian Space Agency AT Along-Track AVHRRAdvanced Very High Resolution Radiometer AVIRISAdvanced Visible and Infrared Imaging Spectrometer AXBTAirborne Expendable Bathythermograph -B- BAOPW-1First Bio-optical Algorithm and Optical Protocols Workshop BAOPW-2Second Bio-optical Algorithm and Optical Protocols Workshop BAOPW-3Third Bio-optical Algorithm and Optical Protocols Workshop BAOPW-4Fourth Bio-optical Algorithm and Optical Protocols Workshop BASBritish Antarctic Survey BATSBermuda Atlantic Time-Series Station BBOPBermuda Bio-Optical Profiler BBRBand-to-Band Registration BCRSDutch Remote Sensing Board BEPBenguela Ecology Programme BER Bit Error Rate BMFT Minister for Research and Technology (Germany) BOMS Bio-Optical Moored Systems bpi bits per inch BRDF Bidirectional Reflectance Distribution Function BSI Biospherical Instruments, Incorporated BSIXR BSI's Transfer Radiometer BTR Bright Target Recovery BUV Backscatter UltravioLet Spectrometer BWI Baltimore-Washington International (airport) -C- CalCoFl California Cooperative Fisheries Institute Cal/Val Calibration and Validation CALVAL Calibration and Validation Case- I Water whose reflectance is determined solely by absorption. Case-2 Water whose reflectance is significantly influenced by scattering. CCPO Center for Coastal Physical Oceanography (Old Dominion University) CDF (NASA) Common Data Format CD-ROM Compact Disk-Read Only Memory CDOM Colored Dissolved Organic Material CDR Critical Design Review CEC Commission of the European Communities CENR Committee on Environment and Natural Resources CHORS Center for Hydro-Optics and Remote Sensing (San Diego State University) CICESE Centro de Investi9acidn Cient(fica y de Educacidn Superior de Ensenada (Mexico) CIRES Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences COADS Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set COOP Coastal Ocean Optics Program COTS Commercial Off-The-Shelf (software) CPR Continuous Plankton Recorder cpu Central Processing Unit CRM Contrast Reduction Meter CRN Italian Research Council CRSEO Center for Remote Sensing and Environmental Optics (University of California at Santa Barbara) CRT Calibrated Radiance Tapes; or Cathode Ray Tube. CSIRO Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (of Australia) CSL Computer Systems Laboratory CT Cross-Track CTD Conductivity, Temperature, and Depth CVT Calibration and Validation Team CW Continuous Wave CZCS Coastal Zone Color Scanner -D DAAC Distributed Active Archive Center DARR Data Analysis Round-Robin DAT Digital Audio Tape DC Direct Current. DCF Data Capture Facility DCOM Dissolved Colored Organic Material DCP Data Collection Platform DEC Digital Equipment Corporation DMS dimethyl sulfide DOC Dissolved Organic Carbon DOM Dissolved Organic Matter DOS Disk Operating System DSP Not an acronym, but an image display and analysis package developed at RSMAS University of Miami. DXW Not an acronym, but a lamp designator. 29

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SeaWiFS Technical Report Series Cumulative Index: Volumes 1 17 -E- EAFBEdwards Air Force Base ECEFEarth-Centered Earth-Fixed ECMWF European Centre for Medium Range Weather Forecasts ECT Equator Crossing Time EEZExclusive Economic Zone EOFEmpirical Orthogonal Function ENSOE1 Nifio Southern Oscillation ENVISATEnvironmental Satellite EOSEarth Observing System EOSATEarth Observation Satellite Company EOSDISEOS Data Information System EqPacEquatorial Pacific (Process Study) EP-TOMSEarth Probe-Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer EPAEnvironmental Protection Agency ER-2Earth Resources-2 ERBEEarth Radiation Budget Experiment ERBSEarth Radiation Budget Sensor ERL(NOAA) Environmental Research Laboratories ERSEarth Resources Satellite ESAEuropean Space Agency EUVEExtreme Ultraviolet Explorer - F - FASCAL Fast Calibration (Facility) FDDI Fiber Data Distribution Interface FEL Not an acronym, but a lamp designator. FGGEFirst GARP Global Experiment FLUPAC(Geochemical) Fluxes in the Pacific (Ocean) FNOCFleet Numerical Oceanography Center FORTRANFormula Translation (computer language) FOVField-of-View FPAFocal Point Assembly FRDFederal Republic of Deutschland (Germany) FTP File Transfer Protocol FWHMFull-Width at Half-Maximum -G- GACGlobal Area Coverage, coarse resolution satellite data with a nominal ground resolution at nadir of approximately 4 km. GARPGlobal Atmospheric Research Program GASMGeneral Angle Scattering Meter GF/F Not an acronym, a specific type of glass fiber filter made by Whatman. GIN Greenland, Iceland, and Norwegian Seas GISS Goddard Institute for Space Studies GLI Global Imager GLOBEC Global Ocean Ecosystems dynamics GMT Greenwich Mean Time GOES Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite GOFS Global Ocean Flux Study GOMEX Gulf of Mexico Experiment GP Global Processing (algorithm) GPM General Perturbations Model GPS Global Positioning System GRGS Groupe de Recherche de Geodesie Spatial GRIDTOMS Gridded TOMS (data set) GSFC Goddard Space Flight Center GSO Graduate School of Oceanography (University of Rhode Island) G/T System Gain/Total System Noise Temperature GUI Graphical User Interface 3O -H- HDF Hierarchical Data Format HEI Hoffman Engineering, Incorporated HeNe Helium-Neon HIRIS High Resolution Imaging Spectrometer HOTS Hawaiian Optical Time Series Hewlett Packard HP HPLC High Performance Liquid Chromatography HQ Headquarters HRPT High Resolution Picture Transmission HYDRA Hydrographic Data Reduction and Analysis I IAPSO International Association for the Physical Sciences of the Ocean IAU International Astrophysical Union IBM International Business Machines ICD Interface Control Document ICES International Council on Exploration of the Seas IDL Interactive Data Language IFOV Instantaneous Field-of-View IMS Information Management System I/O Input/Output lOP Inherent Optical Property IR Infrared ISCCP International Satellite Cloud Climatology Project Integrating Sphere Irradiance Collector ISIC IUE International Ultraviolet Explorer -J,K- JAM JYACC Application Manager JGOFS Joint Global Ocean Flux Study JOI Joint Oceanographic Institute JPL Jet Propulsion Laboratory JRC Joint Research Center -L- LAC Local Area Coverage, fine resolution satellite data with a nominal ground resolution at nadir of approximately 1 km. LANDSAT Land Resources Satellite LDGO Lamon-Doherty Geological Observatory (Columbia University) LDTNLR Local Dynamic Threshold Nonlinear Raleigh Level-0 Raw data. Level- 1 Calibrated radiances. Level -2 Derived products. Level -3 Gridded and averaged derived products. LMCE Laboratoire de Modelisation du climat et de l'Env@onment (France) Leeds & Northrup L&N Laboratoire d'Ocdanographie et de Dynamique LODYC du climat (France) LOICZ Land Ocean Interaction in the Coastal Zone LPCM Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie Marines (France) LRER Long-Range Ecological Research LSB Least Significant Bits

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E.R. Firestone and S.B. Hooker -M- MAREXMarine Resources Experiment Program MARSMultispectral Airborne Radiometer System MASSSMulti-Agency Ship-Scheduling for SeaWiFS MBARIMonterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute MEMMaximum Entropy Method MERMarine Environmental Radiometer MERISMedium Resolution Imaging Spectrometer METEOSATMeteorological Satellite mF Minor Frame MF Major Frame MIPSMillions of Instructions Per Second MIZ Marginal Ice Zone NILEMaximum Likelihood Estimator MLMLMoss Landing Marine Laboratory (San Jose State University) MOBYMarine Optical Buoy MOCEMarine Optical Characterization Experiment MODARCHMODIS Document Archive MODISModerate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer MODIS-NNadir-viewing MODIS instrument MODIS-TTilted MODIS instrument (to minimize sun glint) MOSMarine Optical Spectroradiometer MOUMemorandum of Understanding MSBMost Significant Bits MS/DOSMicroSoft/Disk Operating System MTF Modulation Transfer Function __ NABENorth Atlantic Bloom Experiment NASNational Academy of Science NASANational Aeronautics and Space Adnfinistration NASCOMNASA Communications NASDA National Space Development Agency (Japan) NASIC NASA Aircraft/Satellite Instrument Calibration NAVSPASUR Naval Space Surface Surveillance NCAR National Center for Atmospheric Research NCCOSC Navy Command, Control, and Ocean Surveillance Center NCDC (NOAA) National Climatic Data Center NCDS NASA Climate Data System NCSA National Center for Supercomputing Applications NCSU North Carolina State University NDVI Normalized Difference Vegetation Index NEAT Noise Equivalent Delta Temperature NEAL Noise Equivalent delta Radiance NER Noise Equivalent Radiance NERC Natural Environment Research Council NESDIS National Environmental Satellite Data Information Service NET NIMBUS Experiment Team NGDC National Geophysical Data Center NIMBUS Not an acronym, but a series of NASA experimental weather satellites containing a wide variety of atmosphere, ice, and ocean sensors. NIST National Institute of Standards and Technology NMC National Meteorological Center NMFS National Marine Fisheries Service NOAA National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration NOARL Naval Oceanographic and Atmospheric Research Laboratory NORAD North American Air Defense (Command) NOS National Ocean Service NRA NASA Research Announcement NRaD Naval Research and Development NRIFSF National Research Institute of Far Seas Fisheries (Japan) NRL Naval Research Laboratory NSCAT NASA Scatterometer NSF National Science Foundation NSSDC National Space Science Data Center -0 OAM Optically Active Materials OCEAN Ocean Colour European Archive Network OCTS Ocean Color Temperature Sensor (Japan) ODAS Ocean Data Acquisition System ODU Old Dominion University OFFI Optical Free-Fall Instrument OI Original Irradiance OLIPAC Oligotrophy in the Pacific Ocean) OMEX Ocean Marine Exchange ONR Office of Naval Research OPT Ozone Processing Team OS Operating System OSC Orbital Sciences Corporatmn OSFI Optical Surface Floating Instrument OSSA Office of Space Science and Applications OSU Oregon State University -p- PAR Photosynthetically Available Radiation PC (IBM) Personal Computer PDR Preliminary Design Review PDT Pacific Daylight Time PFF Programmable Prame Formatter PI Principal Investigator PIKE Phased Illuminated Knife Edge PM-1 Not an acronym, used to designate the afternoon EOS platform. PML Plymouth Marine Laboratory POC Particulate Organic Carbon POLDER Polarization and Directionality of the Earth's Reflectances (France) PON Particulate Organic Nitrogen PR Photo Research PRIME Plankton Reactivity in the Marine Environment PST Pacific Standard Time PSU Practical Salinity Units PTFE Polytetrafluoroethylene PUR Photosynthetically Usable Radiation -Q- QC Quality Control QED Quantum Efficient Device 31

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SeaWiFS Technical Report Series Cumulative Index: Volumes 1-17 - R- R&A Research and Applications R&DResearch and Development RACERResearch on Antarctic Coastal Ecosystem Rates RF Radio Frequency RFP Request for Proposals RISCReduced Instruction Set Computer rms root mean squared ROSISRemote Sensing Imaging Spectrometer, also known as the Reflective Optics System Imaging Spectrometer (Germany) RR Round-Robin RSMASRosenstiel School for Marine and Atmospheric Sciences (University of Miami) RTOPResearch and Technology Operation Plan S SACSatellite Applications Centre SARSATSearch and Rescue Satellite SBRC(Hughes) Santa Barbara Research Center SBUVSolar Backscatter Ultraviolet Radiometer SBUV-2Solar Backscatter Ultraviolet Radiometer-2 S/C Spacecraft SCORScientific Committee on Oceanographic Research SDPSSeaWiFS Data Processing System SDSScientific Data Set SDSUSan Diego State University SeaBASSSeaWiFS Bio-optical Archive and Storage System SEAPAKNot an acronym, but an image display and analysis package developed at GSFC. SeaSCOPESeaWiFS Study of Climate, Ocean Productivity, and Environmental Change SeaWiFSSea-viewing Wide Field-of-view Sensor SESShelf Edge Study SGISilicon Graphics, Incorporated SI Syst_me International d' Unit_s or Internation al System of Units SIGSpecial Interest Group SIOScripps Institution of Oceanography SIO/MPLScripps Institution of Oceanography/Marine Physical Laboratory SIRREXSeaWiFS Intercalibration Round-Robin Experiment SIRREX-1The First SIRREX (July 1992) SIRREX-2The Second SIRREX (June 1993) SIRREX-3The Third SIRREX (September 1994) SISSpherical Integrating Source SISSRSubmerged In Situ Spectral Radiometer SJSUSan Jose State University SMM Solar Maximum Mission S/N Serial Number SNR Signal-to-Noise Ratio SO Southern Ocean (algorithm) SOC Simulation Operations Center SOGS SeaStar Operations Ground Subsystem SOH State of Health SOW Statement of Work SPM Suspended Particulate Material or Special Perturbations Model (depending on usage). SPO SeaWiFS Project Office 32 SPOT Satellite Pour l'Observation de la Terre (France) SeaWiFS Prelaunch Science Working Group SPSWG Sequential Query Language SQL SRC Satellite Receiving Station (NERC) SRT Sigma Research Technology, Incorporated SST Sea Surface Temperature or SeaWiFS Science Team (depending on usage). ST Science Team SUN Sun Microsystems SWAP Sylter Wattenmeer Austausch-prozesse SWG Science Working Group SXR SeaWiFS Transfer Radiometer -T- T-S Temperature-Salinity TBD To Be Determined TBUS Not an acronym, but a NOAA orbit prediction TDI Time-Delay and Integration TDRSS Tracking and Data Relay Satellite System TIROS Television and Infrared Observation Satellite TLM Telemetry TM Technical Memorandum TOGA Tropical Ocean Global Atmosphere program TOMS Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer TOPEX Topography Experiment TOVS TIROS Operational Vertical Sounder TSM Total Suspended Material TV Thermal Vacuum -U- UA University of Arizona UARS Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite UAXR University of Arizona's Transfer Radiometer UCMBO University of California Marine Bio-Optics UCSB University of California at Santa Barbara UCSD University of California at San Diego UH University of Hawaii UIM/X User Interface Management/X-Windows UM University of Miami UNESCO United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organizations UPS Uninterruptable Power System URI University of Rhode Island USC University of Southern California USF University of South Florida UTM Universal Transverse Mercator (projection) UV Ultraviolet UVB Ultraviolet-B UWG User Working Group -V- V0 Version 0 V1 Version 1 VAX Virtual Address Extension VCS Version Control Software VDC Volts Direct Current VHF Very High Frequency VI Virtual Instrument VISLAB Visibility Laboratory (Scripps Institution of Oceanography) VISNIR Visible and Near Infrared VMS Virtual Memory System

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E.R.FirestoneandS.B.Hooker -W, X, Y, Z- WFFWallopsFlightFacility WHOIWoodsHoleOceanographicInstitute WMOWorldMeteorologicalOrganization WOCEWorldOceanCirculationExperiment WORMWriteOnceReadMany(times) WVSWorldVectorShoreline 33

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SeaWiFS Technical Report Series Cumulative Index: Volumes 1-17 SYMBOLS A The semi-major axis of the Earth's orbit, a formu- -Ee Orbit eccentricity of the Earth. E(A) Spectral irradiance. E_() Irradiance in air. Ebes Beginning irradiance value. lation constant, a constant equal to 0.983, or a con- Ecal Calibration source irradiance. stant equal to -20/tanh(2) (depending on usage). a(z,) Spectral absorption coefficient. a< Oxygen absorption coefficient. aox Coefficient for oxygen absorption. aoz Coefficient for ozone absorption. awv Coefficient for water vapor absorption. A(k) Absorptivity. A(,k ) Coefficient for calculating bb()Q. A, The intersection area. -B- Formulation coefficient or a constant equal to 1/3 (depending on usage). b(z,A) Total scattering coefficient. b(8, z, A0) Volume scattering coefficient. bb(z, A) Spectral backscattering coefficient. bbc(A) Spectral backscattering coefficient for phytoplankton. br(X) Total Raman scattering coefficient. bw() Total scattering coefficient for pure seawater. B Excess target radiance. B() Coefficient for calculating bb(A). c c(z, ) Spectral beam attenuation coefficient . c(z, 660) Red beam attenuation (at 660 nm). [cht. a]/K Concentration of chlorophyll a over K, the diffuse attenuation coefficient. C Chlorophyll a pigment, or just pigment concentration. 61a Pigment concentration derived using CZCS bands 1 and 3. C23 Pigment concentration derived using CZCS bands 2 and 3. Cref Reference chlorophyll value (0.5). [c + P] Pigment concentration defined as mg chlorophyll plus phaeopigments m -3. -Dd The distance between source and detector apertures. d Distance from the ith observation point to the point of interest. dj Distance from the jth observation point to the point of interest. D Sequential day of the year. /9 Orbit position difference vector. Dat Along-track position difference. Oct Cross-track position difference. Drad Radial position difference. DC Digital count (value) or direct current (depending on usage). DCm Digital counts at lO-bit digitization. 34 Ed Incident downwelling irradiance. Ed(O-, ,k) Incident spectral irradiance. Ed(z, A) Downwelled spectral irradiance. Ee,d Ending irradiance value. E .... (,k) Measured radiance. Eref(,k) Reference radiance. E () Surface irradiance. Er_m Percentage of energy removed from a wavelength band. Spectral sky irradiance distribution. E.n() Spectral sun irradiance distribution. E (z, ) Upwelled spectral irradiance. Irradiance in water. -Fy, Filter number, i=0-11. f-ratio The ratio of new to total production. Arithmetic average. Y() A mean conversion factor. F() Calibration factor. F() A conversion factor to convert PR714 readings to the GSFC sphere radiance scale. Average of calibration factors. F0 Extraterrestrial irradiance corrected for Earth-sun distance. Yo Mean solar irradiance. Fg Extraterrestrial irradiance corrected for the atmosphere. Fo() Mean extraterrestrial spectral irradiance. Fo() Mean extraterrestrial irradiance. Fa Forward scattering probability of the aerosol. F, A correction factor. -Ggl A constant equal to 0.82. g2 A constant equal to -0.55. G Gain factor. G(,k) /()//a(670) = (670/A) _ T2r(670)/T2(Ai). a G_ Gravitational constant of the Earth (398,600.5 km 3 $-2). -H- HGMT GMT in hours. H, Altitude of the spacecraft (for SeaStar 705 km). -Ii Inclination angle or interval index (depending on usage). i' Inclination angle minus 90 °. I Rayleigh intensity. Io Surface downwelling irradiance. I1 Radiant intensity after traversing through an absorbing medium. /2 Reflected radiant energy received by the satellite sensor.

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E.R.FirestoneandS.B.Hooker J j Interval index. J2 The J2 gravity field term (0.0010863). J3 The J3 gravity field term (-0.0000254). J4 The J4 gravity field term (-0.0000161). J5 The J5 gravity field term. -Kk Wavenumber of light (1 / A). kl Beginning wavenumber, k2 Ending wavenumber. Spectral fit coefficient weighted over the SeaWiFS bands; k'c(A) also used. K(z,;q Diffuse attenuation coefficient. Ko(A) Diffuse attenuation coefficient at z = 0. Kc(A) Attenuation coefficients for phytoplankton. KE(A) Attenuation coefficient downwelled irradiance. K_(A) Attenuation coefficients for Gelbstoff. KL(z, A) Attenuation coefficient upwelled radiance. K_(;,) Attenuation coefficients for pure seawater. .-L- L(A) Spectral radiance, L(z, , ¢) Submerged upwelled radiance distribution, La Aerosol radiance. L(A) Cloud radiance threshold, Lcal Calibration source radiance. Lg(A) Sun glint radiance. L,(A) Spectral radiance for run number i. LNERA) Noise equivalent radiance. L_() Rayleigh radiance. L_o() Rayleigh radiance at standard atmospheric pressure, Po. L_() Subsurface water radiance. Saturation radiance for the sensor. L_ky(A) Spectral sky radiance distribution. Lt(A) Total radiance at the sensor. Lu(z, A) Upwelled spectral radiance. Lw(A) Water-leaving radiance. LWN (A) Normalized water-leaving radiance. --Mm Index of refraction. M _ Path length through the atmosphere. M The corrected mean orbit anomaly of the Earth, which is a function of date, and refers to an imaginary moon in a circular orbit. hlo, Path length for ozone transmittance. -Nn Index of refraction or mean orbital motion in revolutions per day (depending on usage). n(A) An exponent conceptually similar to the ngstrSm exponent. n (A) Index of refraction of water. N The total number of something. -O- 6P×¢. -p- Pa A factor to account for the probability of scattering to the spacecraft for three different paths from the sun. The probability of seeing sun glitter in the direction 0, b given the sun in position 00, q50 as a flmction of wind speed (W). P Nodal period, phaeopigment concentration or local surface pressure (depending on usage). fi Orbit position vector. p( o + ) Phase function for forward scattering. P(O- ) Phase function for backward scattering. Po Standard atmospheric pressure ( 1,013.25 rob). p Probability of scattering to the spacecraft. Pi PR714 raw radiance. p_ Phaeopigment concentration. -Q q Water transmittance factor. Q(A) L_(0-, A) to E_(0-, A) relation factor (theoretically equal to zr). r Water-air reflectance for totally diffuse irradiance. rl The radius of circle one or source aperture (depending on usage). r2 The radius of circle two or detector aperture (depending on usage). R Reflectance. R(0-, A) Irradiance reflectance just below the sea surface. R_ Aerosol reflectance. /a R/(qT2_). Re Mean Earth radius (6,378.137 km). RL(z, ) Spectral reflectance. R Rayleigh reflectance. R_ Remote sensing reflectance. Subsurface reflectance. R_ Rt Total reflectance at the sensor. -_ (Rt - R_)/(qT2_). Rz Sunspot number. S s(A) Slope for the range 0-1,023. S Solar constant. S(A) i_,(A)/i,(670). -T,Ut Time variable. t(k) Spectral transmission as a function of wavenumber. t(A) Diffuse transmittance of the atmosphere. tl First observation time. t2 Second observation time. to Initial time. t Aerosol transmittance after absorption. t_ Aerosol transmittance after scattering. ta Direct component of transmittance after absorption by the gaseous components of the atmosphere, scattering and absorption by aerosols, and scattering by Rayleigh. t_ Time difference in hours between present position and most recent equator crossing. tEC Equator crossing time. 35

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SeaWiFSTechnicalReportSeriesCumulativeIndex:Volumes1-17 toz Transmittance after absorption by ozone. tr Transmittance after Rayleigh scattering. t, Diffuse component of transmittance after absorption by the gaseous components of the atmosphere, scattering and absorption by aerosols, and scattering by Rayleigh. twv Transmittance after absorption by water vapor. T,(a) Transmittance through the surface. T Tilt position. T(A, 0) Total transmittance (direct plus diffuse) from the ocean through the atmosphere to the spacecraft along the path determined by the spacecraft zenith angle 0. T2r Two-way diffuse transmittance for Rayleigh attenuation. To(:,,Oo) Total downward transmittance of irradiance. Te Equation of time. Tox Transmittance of oxygen (02). To, Transmittance of ozone (03). T,() Transmittance through the surface. T() Transmittance through a water path. Twv Transmittance of water vapor (H20). -V- I Orbit velocity vector. Vi(tj) The ith spatial location at observation time tj. -W- W Wind speed. Wd Direct irradiance divided by the total irradiance at the surface. W_ Diffuse irradiance divided by the total irradiance. -Xx Abscissa or longitudinal coordinate, or the pixel number within a scan line (depending on usage). X ECEF x component of orbit position. " ECEF X component of orbit velocity. -yy Ordinate or meridional coordinate. Y ECEF y component of orbit position. ECEF Y component of orbit velocity. -Z- Z ECEF z component of orbit position. ECEF Z component of orbit velocity. - GREEK - a Percent albedo, tilt angle, formulation coefficient (intercept), or the power constant in the ]kngstrSm formulation (depending on usage). A formulation coefficent (slope) or a constant in the /ngstr6m formulation (depending on usage). fl(z, A, 0) Spectral volume scattering function. The ]tngstr6m exponent. 36 Great circle distance from s(t0) to k,(t - to), the departure of each individual conversion factor from the mean, or a relative difference (depending on usage). Ak Equivalent bandwidth. ApCO2 Partial pressure difference of CO2 between air and sea water. Ap The difference in successive pixels or the pressure deviation from standard pressure, P0 (depending on usage). At Time difference. AA An interval in wavelength. Aw The longitude difference from the sub-satellite point to the pixel. Aw, Longitude difference. 7 Bearing from the sub-satellite point to the pixel along the direction of motion of the satellite. /9 Spacecraft zenith angle or pitch (depending on usage). Pitch rate. 01 The intersection angle of circle one. 0: The intersection angle of circle two. 0o Solar zenith angle. 0 The zenith angle of the vector normal to the surface vector for which glint will be observed. ON The angle with respect to nadir that the sea surface slopes to produce a reflection angle to the spacecraft. 0 Scan angle of sensor. 0's Scan angle of sensor adjusted for tilt. A Wavelength of light. Mean value or cosine of the satellite zenith angle (depending on usage). Cosine of the solar zenith angle. Spectral mean cosine for downwelling radiance at the sea surface. v The jth temporal weighting factor. GEM The distance between the Earth and the moon. P Presnel reflectivity or the weighted direct plus diffuse reflectance. p(O) Fresnel reflectance for viewing geometry. p(Oo) Fresnel reflectance for solar geometry. pc,i Reflectance of clouds and ice. p,, Sea surface reflectance for direct irradiance at normal incidence for a fiat sea. PN Reflectance for diffuse irradiance. O" Standard deviation of a set of data values. (7 2 The mean square surface slope distribution. T(z,,_) Spectral optical depth. ra Aerosol optical thickness. 7"o× Oxygen optical thickness at 750 nm. Rayleigh optical thickness. Pressure corrected Rayleigh optical thickness. fro Rayleigh optical thickness at standard atmospheric pressure, P0. Rayleigh optical thickness weighted by the SeaWiFS spectral response. Spectral solar atmospheric transmission.

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E.R.FirestoneandS.B.Hooker q5Spacecraftazimuthangleor roll(dependingonusage). Rollrate. ap0 Solar azimuth angle. Pixel latitude or yaw (depending on usage). Yaw rate. kOd Solar declination latitude. kos(t) Sub-satellite latitude as a function of time. w Longitude variable or the surface reflection angle (depending on usage). vo Old longitude value. wa Single scattering albedo of the aerosol. _ Equator crossing longitude. 0 Spatial weighting factor. .;_ Longitude variable. f_ Solar hour angle. 37

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E.R.FirestoneandS.B.Hooker THESEAWIFSTECHNICALREPORTSERIES Woodward, H.H., R.A. Barnes, C.R. McClain, W.E. Esaias, Vol. 1 Hooker, S.B., W.E. Esaias, G.C. Feldman, W.W. Gregg, and C.R. McClain, 1992: An Overview of SeaWiFS and Ocean Color. NASA Tech. Memo. 104566, Vol. 1, S.B. Hooker and E.R. Firestone, Eds., NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland, 24 pp., plus color plates. Patt, F.S., C.M. Hoisington, W.W. Gregg, and P.L. Coronado, Vol. 2 Gregg, W.W., 1992: Analysis of Orbit Selection for SeaWiFS: Ascending vs. Descending Node. NASA Tech. Memo. 104566, Vol. 2, S.B. Hooker and E.R. Firestone, Eds., NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland, 16 pp. Vol. 10 W.L. Barnes, and A.T. Mecherikunnel, 1993: Modeling of the SeaWiFS Solar and Lunar Observations. NASA Tech. Memo, 104566, Vol. 10, S.B. Hooker and E.R. Firestone, Eds., NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland, 26 pp. Vol. 11 1993: Analysis of Selected Orbit Propagation Models for the SeaWiFS Mission. NASA Tech. Memo. 104566, Vol. 11, S.B. Hooker, E.R. Firestone, and A.W. Indest, Eds., NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland, 16 pp. Vol. 12 yol. 3 Firestone, E.R., and S.B. Hooker, 1993: SeaWiFS Technical Re- McClain, C.R., W.E. Esaias, W. Barnes, B. Guenther, D. Endres, S. Hooker, G. Mitchell, and R. Barnes, 1992: Calibration and Validation Plan for SeaWiFS. NASA Tech. Memo. 104566, Vol. 3, S.B. Hooker and E.R. Firestone, Eds., NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, McClain, C.R., K.R. Arrigo, J. Comiso, R. Fraser, M. Darzi, Maryland, 41 pp. Vol. 4 McClain, C.R., E. Yeh, and G. Fu, 1992: An Analysis of GAC Sampling Algorithms: A Case Study. NASA Tech. Memo. 104566, Vol. 4, S.B. Hooker and E.R. Firestone, Eds., NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland, 22 pp., plus color plates. port Series Summary Index: Volumes 1-11. NASA Tech. Memo. 104566, Vol. 12, S.B. Hooker and E.R. Firestone, Eds., NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland, 28 pp. Vol. 13 J.K. Firestone, B. Schieber, E-n. Yeh, and C.W. Sullivan, 1994: Case Studies for SeaWiFS Calibration and Validation, Part 1. NASA Tech. Memo. 104566, Vol. 13, S.B. Hooker and E.R. Firestone, Eds., NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland, 52pp., plus color plates. Vol. 14 Vol. 5 Mueller, J.L., 1993: The First SeaWiFS Intercalibration Hound- Mueller, J.L., and R.W. Austin, 1992: Ocean Optics Protocols. NASA Tech. Memo. 104566, Vol. 5, S.B. Hooker and E.R. Firestone, Eds., NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland, 43 pp. Vol. 6 Gregg, W.W., F.S. Patt, H.H. Woodward, 1994: The Simu- Firestone, E.R., and S.B. Hooker, 1992: SeaWiFS Technical Report Series Summary Index: Volumes 1-5. NASA Tech. Memo. 104566, Vol. 6, S.B. Hooker and E.R. Firestone, Eds., NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland, 9 pp. Mueller, J.L., B.C. Johnson, C.L. Cromer, J.W. Cooper, J.T. Vol. 7 Darzi, M., 1992: Cloud Screening for Polar Orbiting Visible and IR Satellite Sensors. NASA Tech. Memo. 104566, Vol. 7, S.B. Hooker and E.R. Firestone, Eds., NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland, 7pp. Vol. 8 Hooker, S.B., W.E. Esaias, and L.A. Rexrode, 1993: Proceedings of the First SeaWiFS Science Team Meeting. NASA Tech. Memo. 104566, Vol. 8, S.B. Hooker and E.R. Firestone, Eels., NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland, 61 pp. Vol. 9 Gregg, W.W., F.C. Chen, A.L. Mezaache, J.D. Chen, J.A. Whiting, 1993: The Simulated SeaWiFS Data Set, Version 1. NASA Tech. Memo. 104566, Vol. 9, S.B. Hooker and E.R. Firestone, and A.W. Indest, Eds., NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland, 17pp. Robin Experiment, SIRREX-1, July 1992. NASA Tech. Memo. 104566, Vol. 14, S.B. Hooker and E.R. Firestone, Eds., NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland, 60 pp. Vol. 15 lated SeaWiFS Data Set, Version 2. NASA Tech. Memo. 104566, Vol. 15, S.B. Hooker and E.R. Firestone, Eds., NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland, 42 pp., plus color plates. Vol. 16 McLean, S.B. Hooker, and T.L. Westphal, 1994: The Second SeaWiFS Intercalibration Round-Robin Experiment, SIRREX-2, June 1993. NASA Tech. Memo. 104566, Vol. 16, S.B. Hooker and E.R. Firestone, Eds., NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland, 121 pp. Vol. 17 Abbott, M.R., O.B. Brown, H.R. Gordon, K.L. Carder, R.E. Evans, F.E. Muller-Karger, and W.E. Esaias, 1994: Ocean color in the 21st century: a strategy for a 20-year time series. NASA Tech. Memo. 10.4566, Vol. 17, S.B. Hooker and E.R. Firestone, Eds., NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland, 20pp. Vol. 18 Firestone, E.R., and S.B. Hooker, 1994: SeaWiFS Technical Report Series Summary Index: Volumes 1-17. NASA Tech. Memo. 104566, Vol. 18, S.B. Hooker and E.R. Firestone, Eds., NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland, 47 pages. 47

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REPORT DOCUMENTATION Form Approved OMB No. 0704-0188 Public reporting burden for this collection of information is estimated to average 1 hour per response, including the time for reviewing instructions, searching existing data sources, gathering and maintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing the collection of information. Send comments regarding this burden estimate or any other aspect of this collection of information, including suggestions for reducing Ihis burden, to Washington Headquarters Services, Directorate for Information Operations and Reports, 1215 Jefferson Davis Highway, Suite 1204, Arlington, VA 22202-4302, and to the Office of Management and Bud_let, Paperwork Reduction Proiect 10704-0188_, Washington, DC 20503. 1. AGENCY USE ONLY (Leave blank) 2. REPORT DATE February 1995 4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE SeaWiFS Technical Report Series 3. REPORT TYPE AND DATES COVERED Technical Memorandum 5. FUNDING NUMBERS Volume 18--SeaWiFS Technical Report Series Cumulative Index: Volumes 1-17 6. AUTHOR(S) Elaine R. Firestone and Stanford B. Hooker Series Editors: Stanford B. Hooker and Elaine R. Firestone 7. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES) Laboratory for Hydrospheric Processes Goddard Space Flight Center Greenbelt, Maryland 20771 Code 970.2 8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NUMBER 95B00038 9. SPONSORING/MONITORING AGENCY NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES) 10. SPONSORING/MONITORING NASA Aeronautics and Space Administration Washington, D.C. 20546-0001 11. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES Elaine R. Firestone: General Sciences Corporation, 12a. DISTRIBUTION/AVAILABlUTY STATEMENT Unclassified-Unlimited Subject Category 48 Report is available from NASA Center for AeroSpace AGENCY REPORT NUMBER TM- 104566, Vol. 18 Laurel, Maryland 12b. DISTRIBUTION CODE Information (CASI), 800 Elkrid_e l,andin_ Road. l,inthicnm Hei_hl__ MD 21090: (3DI _ 621-D390_ 13. ABSTRACT (Maximum 200 words) The Sea-viewing Wide Field-of-view Sensor (SeaWiFS) is the follow-on ocean color instrument to the Coastal Zone Color Scanner (CZCS), which ceased operations in 1986 after an eight-year mission. SeaWiFS is expected to be launched in 1995 on the SeaStar satellite, being built by Orbital Sciences Corporation (OSC). The SeaWiFS Project at the National Aeronautics and Space Administration's (NASA) Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), has undertaken the responsibility of documenting all aspects of this mission, which is critical to the ocean color and marine science communities. This documentation, entitled the SeaWiFS Technical Report Series, is in the form of NASA Technical Memorandum Number 104566. All reports published are volumes within the series. This particular volume serves as a reference, or guidebook, to the previous 17 volumes and consists of 6 sections including: an errata, an addendum (summaries of various SeaWiFS Working Group Biooptical Algorithm and Protocols Subgroups Workshops, and other auxiliary information), an index to key words and phrases, a list of all references cited, and lists of acronyms and symbols used. It is the editors' intention to publish a cumulative index of this type after every live volumes in the series. Each index covers the topics published in all previous editions, that is, each new index includes all of the information contained in the preceeding indices. 14. SUBJECT TERMS 15. NUMBER OF PAGES 47 SeaWiFS, Oceanography, Cumulative, Index, Summary, Overview, Errata, Addendum, 16. PRICE CODE Glossary, Symbol, References, Bio-optical, Algorithm Workshop, Protocols Subgroup WQrkshop, Calibr_,tion Round-Robin. Baseline Product List 17. SECURITY CLASSIRCATION 18. SECURITY CLASSIFICATION OF REPORT OF THIS PAGE I [ncl_,_ifiett Unclassified NSN 7540-01-280-5500 19. SECURITY CLASSIRCATION 20. LIMITATION OF ABSTRACT OF ABSTRACT Unclassified Unlimited Standard Form 298 (Rev. 2-89) Prescribed by ANSI Std. 239-18, 298-102