Full report

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NASA/TM-2004-213029 Results of a Telephone Survey of Television Station Managers Concerning the NASA SCI   Files and NASA CONNECT Thomas E. Pinelli Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia Jeannine Perry Continental Research, Norfolk, Virginia May 2004

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The NASA STI Program Office . . . in Profile Since its founding, NASA has been dedicated to the advancement of aeronautics and space science. The NASA Scientific and Technical Information (STI) Program Office plays a key part in helping NASA maintain this important role. The NASA STI Program Office is operated by Langley Research Center, the lead center for NASA’s scientific and technical information. The NASA STI Program Office provides access to the NASA STI Database, the largest collection of aeronautical and space science STI in the world. The Program Office is also NASA’s institutional mechanism for disseminating the results of its research and development activities. These results are published by NASA in the NASA STI Report Series, which includes the following report types: • TECHNICAL PUBLICATION. Reports of completed research or a major significant phase of research that present the results of NASA programs and include extensive data or theoretical analysis. Includes compilations of significant scientific and technical data and information deemed to be of continuing reference value. NASA counterpart of peerreviewed formal professional papers, but having less stringent limitations on manuscript length and extent of graphic presentations. • TECHNICAL MEMORANDUM. Scientific and technical findings that are preliminary or of specialized interest, e.g., quick release reports, working papers, and bibliographies that contain minimal annotation. Does not contain extensive analysis. • CONTRACTOR REPORT. Scientific and technical findings by NASA-sponsored contractors and grantees. • CONFERENCE PUBLICATION. Collected papers from scientific and technical conferences, symposia, seminars, or other meetings sponsored or co-sponsored by NASA. • SPECIAL PUBLICATION. Scientific, technical, or historical information from NASA programs, projects, and missions, often concerned with subjects having substantial public interest. • TECHNICAL TRANSLATION. Englishlanguage translations of foreign scientific and technical material pertinent to NASA’s mission. Specialized services that complement the STI Program Office’s diverse offerings include creating custom thesauri, building customized databases, organizing and publishing research results ... even providing videos. For more information about the NASA STI Program Office, see the following: • Access the NASA STI Program Home Page at http://www.sti.nasa.gov • E-mail your question via the Internet to help@sti.nasa.gov • Fax your question to the NASA STI Help Desk at (301) 621-0134 • Phone the NASA STI Help Desk at (301) 621-0390 • Write to: NASA STI Help Desk NASA Center for AeroSpace Information 7121 Standard Drive Hanover, MD 21076-1320

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NASA/TM-2004-213029 Results of a Telephone Survey of Television Station Managers Concerning the NASA SCI   Files and NASA CONNECT Thomas E. Pinelli Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia Jeannine Perry Continental Research, Norfolk, Virginia National Aeronautics and Space Administration Langley Research Center Hampton, Virginia 23681-2199 May 2004

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The use of trademarks or names of manufacturers in the report is for accurate reporting and does not constitute an official endorsement, either expressed or implied, of such products or manufacturers by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Available from: NASA Center for AeroSpace Information (CASI) 7121 Standard Drive Hanover, MD 21076-1320 (301) 621-0390 National Technical Information Service (NTIS) 5285 Port Royal Road Springfield, VA 22161-2171 (703) 605-6000

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Summary Continental Research—a marketing, research, and consulting firm located in Norfolk, Virginia—was commissioned to conduct a telephone survey of television station managers concerning two instructional television programs offered by the NASA Langley Center for Distance Learning (CDL) http://dlcenter.larc.nasa.gov. The NASA Langley CDL is an organizational unit of NASA Langley Research Center’s Office of Education. The NASA CDL produces five award-winning distance learning programs that span the educational horizon from K–12 through postsecondary education (13–18) to adult (lifelong) learners. The two Emmy-award-winning instructional television programs under consideration are the NASA SCI Files http://scifiles.larc.nasa.gov and NASA CONNECT  http://connect.larc.nasa.gov. About 500 000 educators in the United States are registered users of these two programs. As of January 5, 2004, the combined number of (domestic) television stations airing these two programs was 373. The survey instrument was pretested among a subset of 15 television stations. Computer-Assisted Telephone Interviewing (CATI) technology and protocols were used. (See Methodology for additional information.) The telephone survey started on January 27, 2004 and ended on February 27, 2004. The Office of Management and Budget (OMB) survey approval number is OMB 2700-0012. Reducing the number of television stations airing the 2 programs (373) by the number of stations used in the pretest (15) left a balance of 358 television stations “eligible” to be surveyed. Dividing the number of television stations that participated in the survey (280) by the number of television stations (358) eligible to participate resulted in a survey response rate of 78 percent. Almost half (47.5 percent) of survey participants represented a cable television station, 29.3 percent represented instructional television stations, and 29.3 percent represented a Public Broadcasting System (PBS) station. Overall, survey participants reported that they were either very satisfied (60.4 percent) or satisfied (31.8 percent) with their interactions with the NASA Langley Center for Distance Learning. Almost 100 percent of survey participants indicated that they received NASA SCI Files and NASA CONNECT programming from the NASA Langley Center for Distance Learning. In all, 280 station managers were surveyed during the time allotted for the study. About half (50.7 percent) of survey participants were male; the average age of the survey participants was 44.6 years; and the average number of years survey participants had worked at their current television stations was 7.8 years. Seventy-five percent of the survey participants stated that their stations broadcast programs to school districts. About 86 percent of individuals participating in the survey were personally responsible for deciding which programs were included in the station’s schedule (lineup). Television station managers were asked to identify the single most important factor used to select a program to air on their stations. The top 3 factors reported by 280 station managers were (1) good educational value (16.1 percent), (2) community interest (14.6 percent), and (3) the ability of the program to fit into the educational curriculum (13.2 percent). Using a 10-point scale, with 10 being extremely important, television station managers were asked to rate the importance (influence) 7 factors have on selecting programs for their television schedules (lineups). The 3 factors rated highest (most important) on a 10-point scale were (1) the educational value of the program (8.85), (2) the cost of the program (8.25), and (3) the technical quality of the program (8.11). About 95 percent of survey participants indicated that they would recommend either the NASA SCI Files or NASA CONNECT to a colleague at another television station.

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Using a 4-point scale, with 4 being very satisfied, survey participants reported that they were either very satisfied (77.1 percent) or satisfied (19.9 percent) with the overall (educational and technical) quality of the NASA SCI Files. Survey participants also rated the NASA SCI Files on 13 characteristics.  The 3 characteristics receiving the highest ratings (scores) were (1) credibility of the programs (3.81), (2) educational value (3.80), and (3) technical quality (3.79). Participants gave the NASA SCI Files an overall rating of 3.78 (out of 4.00). Almost 70 percent of survey participants reported having no suggestions for improving the NASA SCI Files. The single, largest factor reported for improving the NASA SCI Files was to make more programs. Using a 4-point scale, with 4 being very satisfied, survey participants reported that they were either very satisfied (77.9 percent) or satisfied (19.1 percent) with the overall (educational and technical) quality of NASA CONNECT. Survey participants also rated NASA CONNECT on 13 characteristics by  using a 4-point scale. The 3 characteristics with the highest ratings were (1) credibility of the programs (3.79), (2) educational value (3.76), and (3) technical quality (3.76). Participants gave NASA CONNECT an overall rating of 3.79. Almost 61 percent of survey participants reported having no suggestions for improving NASA CONNECT. The largest factor reported for improving NASA CONNECT was to make more programs. About 36 percent of the survey participants indicated that state budget cuts have adversely affected the ability to broadcast educational programming. About 70 percent of the survey participants indicated that either they are already streaming video programming (20.7 percent) or are considering doing so in the immediate future (50.0 percent). About 46 percent of the survey participants indicated that they have either entered into a business agreement with a provider of video programming (14.3) or are considering doing so in the immediate future (32.1 percent). About 43 percent of the survey participants indicated that they have either joined a consortium with other stations to provide access to educational programs through a dedicated hard drive (4.3 percent) or are considering doing so in the immediate future (38.9 percent). Procedural Information This telephone survey of TV station managers who had shown an interest in NASA CONNECT and/or NASA SCIence Files programs in the past year was conducted by Continental Research Associates, Inc., a Norfolk-based marketing research firm. The study was commissioned by the Educational Technology and Distance Learning office at NASA Langley Research Center in Hampton, Virginia. Surveys were collected from January 28th through February 27th of 2004. Methodology The survey instrument was developed by Continental Research in consultation with representatives from NASA Langley Center for Distance Learning office. As is customary, the questionnaire was pretested by senior staff members on a subsample of respondents. Fifteen TV station managers were included in the pretest. During the pretest, no problems with questionnaire wording, vocabulary, sequencing, or layout were identified. The final survey took approximately 12 minutes to complete. A copy of the questionnaire is included in appendix B of this report. 2

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Langley Research Center provided a list of 373 TV station managers in Excel spreadsheet format. Researchers attempted to contact everyone on the list; however, only 280 interviews were able to be completed in the time frame. A breakout of the telephone contacts can be found on page 3 of this report. Because the data collection phase is extremely important to research validity, professional interviewers conducted the surveys. Each had extensive training and several years experience with executive level surveys prior to working on this study. A detailed briefing session was held prior to making calls to discuss the instructions for using the questionnaire. Each interviewer participated in several role-playing exercises with the survey. This provided an opportunity to practice administering the questionnaire, to discuss various types of probes, and to properly pace reading of the preformatted survey. After the initial briefing session, the data collection phase began. Phone calls originated from our central telephone facility in Norfolk, Virginia. Contacts were made between 8:30 a.m. and 9:00 p.m. (local time) Monday through Friday. Each station on the list was called up to 10 times on different days and at different times. Some appointments were made to secure interviews with busy people. The survey information was directly entered into the computer system using Computer-Assisted Telephone Interviewing (CATI) technology. This process allows for the rotation of survey items within a grid-style question, thereby eliminating any sequence bias. All open-ended responses were recorded verbatim. A supervisor was present at all times to electronically monitor the telephone conversations. A portion of each interviewer’s work was “dual recorded” on the Novell-based computer network and checked for consistency in recording of answers. Over 38 percent of all calls were fully monitored, and an additional 25 percent were partially monitored. This is far in excess of the 5-percent industry validation standard. At the end of each shift, a debriefing session was held to discuss the survey’s progress. While these meetings provide only anecdotal evidence, the information can be very useful when interpreting results. The primary reason why some stations were never reached had to do with a lack of staff to answer phones. Many stations (45) used recorded outgoing messages only or voice mail. Once the fieldwork was completed, the open-ended responses were categorized into narrow subject groupings and numerically coded for computerization. The codes were then key entered twice to ensure 100-percent accuracy, and a detailed computer program was written to tabulate the data. Using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software, the data were analyzed. The findings are displayed on the following pages. Breakout of Telephone Contacts Number of completed interviews 280 Not able to be reached after multiple attempts/voice mail only 45 Nonworking phone number/manual lookup failed 22 Duplicate station/person Refused to participate/too busy Language barrier 12 6 1 Didn’t know anything about the programs/no other contact 3 Budget cuts/no longer involved with that/not on air 2 Terminated interview due to time constraints 2 3 373

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Highlights • The single most important thing that impacts the decision to select a program to air: Top 3 answers Good educational value Community interest Fitting into curriculum Percentage (n = 280) 16.1 14.6 13.2 • Importance rating for: (10 = extremely important; 1 = not important) Response Educational value of program Cost of program Technical quality of program Avg. rating (n = 280) 8.85 8.25 8.11 Having few restrictions on use of program 7.76 How easily program is obtained Viewer recommendations 7.75 7.10 59.3 percent said they had received NASA SCI Files programs in the past year. • • Satisfaction with NASA SCI Files in terms of: (4 = very satisfied; 3 = satisfied; 2 = dissatisfied; 1 = very dissatisfied) Response How credible shows are Educational value Technical quality Overall quality Avg. Number rating responding 3.81 160 3.80 157 3.79 152 3.78 162 Being aligned with national math, science, and technology standards 3.74 140 Enhancing integration of math, science, and technology 3.74 140 Being developmentally appropriate for children in that age group 3.72 145 How interesting shows are Quality of educator guides Quality of Web-based activities 3.66 151 3.64 90 3.64 98 Showing women and minorities performing challenging engineering and scientific tasks 3.60 141 Being easily incorporated into that grade level’s curriculum 3.53 131 Feedback received from audience 4 3.43 132

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83.9 percent said they had received NASA CONNECT programs in the past year. • • Satisfaction with NASA CONNECT in terms of: (4 = very satisfied; 3 = satisfied; 2 = dissatisfied; 1 = very dissatisfied) Response Overall quality How credible shows are Educational value Technical quality Avg. Number rating responding 3.79 229 3.79 226 3.76 226 3.76 217 Enhancing integration of math, science, and technology 3.68 200 How interesting shows are 3.67 218 Being developmentally appropriate for children in that age group 3.66 208 Being aligned with national math, science, and technology standards 3.63 198 Quality of Web-based activities 3.61 132 Showing women and minorities performing challenging engineering and scientific tasks 3.57 202 Being easily incorporated into that grade level’s curriculum 3.55 181 Quality of educator guides Feedback received from audience 3.54 127 3.43 184 • Avg. rating of NASA’s Center for Distance Learning = 3.59 (4 = very satisfied; 3 = satisfied; 2 = dissatisfied; 1 = very dissatisfied) • Percent who said their stations receive NASA programs by: Response Downlink by KU Downlink by C-Band NASA sends them Satellite (not specific) Percentage (n = 280) 16.4 9.3 58.6 0.4 KU and NASA send them 7.5 C-Band and NASA send them 6.1 Never received any 5 1.8

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• 86.1 percent personally make decisions about which programs to include in their stations lineups. • 94.6 percent would recommend NASA SCI Files or NASA CONNECT to a colleague.  • 75.0 percent said they broadcast educational programs to schools. • 36.1 percent said state budget cuts have impacted the ability to broadcast educational programs to schools. • 20.7 percent already stream video for educational programs, 50.0 percent said they have considered this and may do it in the future, and 29.3 percent said this was not a consideration at the present time. • 14.3 percent already have entered into a business agreement with a provider of video programming, 32.1 percent said they have considered this and may do it in the future, and 53.6 percent said this was not a consideration at the present time. • 4.3 percent already have joined a consortium with other stations to provide access to educational programs through a dedicated hard drive, 38.9 percent said they have considered this and may do it in the future, and 56.8 percent said this was not a consideration at the present time. • Average number of years worked at the TV station = 7.8 years. • Occupational area: 36.1 percent work in production 35.7 percent work in management 19.6 percent work in operations 8.6 percent work in marketing/outreach (n = 280) • Educational attainment: 3.9 percent high school or less 15.0 percent some college 56.8 percent 4-year college degree 24.3 percent degree beyond 4 years of college (n = 280) • Average age = 44.6 years • 50.7 percent are male and 49.3 percent are female 6

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1 Survey Results In general, what is the single most important thing that impacts your decision to select a program to air on your station? Response If it has good educational value If it will be of community interest If it fits our curriculum If it has good production quality It has to be free/affordable If the content fits in our mission If we have a community sponsor/request Number Percentage 45 16.1 41 14.6 37 13.2 21 7.5 20 7.1 17 6.1 15 5.4 If the content meets our state’s curriculum standards 13 4.6 If it has interesting content If it has broad appeal (i.e., all ages) If the content is appropriate for children If the content is current/up to date If it’s science-oriented It must be noncommercial/commercial-free 13 4.6 10 3.6 9 3.2 7 2.5 6 2.1 4 1.4 If it’s produced by a government source/NASA 3 1.1 If it fits into my schedule If the content is credible If it will be good for filler If it’s visually appealing It must be Christian If there are no copyright issues If it’s available by satellite If it’s geared to minorities If it has fast-paced segments If it covers multiple topics If there’s easy access by downlink If it aligns with an upcoming field trip 1 3 1.1 2 0.7 2 0.7 2 0.7 2 0.7 2 0.7 1 0.4 1 0.4 1 0.4 1 0.4 1 0.4 1 0.4 280 100.0 NOTE: The questionnaire wording was slightly adapted for “in-house” school media representatives. 7

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Let’s talk about how you decide whether or not to select a program to air on your station. Using a 1 to 10 scale where 1 is Not Important and 10 is Extremely Important, how important is the cost of the program? Response 10 Extremely Important 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Not Important 1Mean = 8.25 (n = 280) How important is the technical quality of the program? Response 10 Extremely Important 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Not Important 1Mean = 8.11 (n = 280) How important is how easy it is to get the program? Response 10 Extremely Important 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Not Important 1Mean = 7.75 (n = 280) 8 Number1 Percentage 136 48.6 29 10.4 38 13.6 22 7.9 6 2.1 32 11.4 3 1.1 3 1.1 3 1.1 8 2.9 280 100.0 Number1 Percentage 82 29.3 43 15.4 71 25.4 31 11.1 20 7.1 28 10.0 4 1.4 1 0.4 0 0.0 0 0.0 280 100.0 Number1 Percentage 72 25.7 32 11.4 70 25.0 41 14.6 11 3.9 44 15.7 3 1.1 5 1.8 1 0.4 1 0.4 280 100.0

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How important is the educational value of the program? Response 10 Extremely Important 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Not Important 1Mean = 8.85 (n = 280) Number1 Percentage 153 54.6 39 13.9 42 15.0 16 5.7 11 3.9 12 4.3 3 1.1 3 1.1 0 0.0 1 0.4 280 100.0 How important is having few restrictions on the use of the program? Response 10 Extremely Important 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Not Important 1Mean = 7.76 (n = 280) How important are viewer recommendations? Response 10 Extremely Important 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Not Important 1Mean = 7.10 (n = 280) 9 Number1 Percentage 84 30.0 33 11.8 53 18.9 44 15.7 14 5.0 37 13.2 3 1.1 4 1.4 3 1.1 5 1.8 280 100.0 Number1 Percentage 54 19.3 31 11.1 52 18.6 35 12.5 27 9.6 53 18.9 10 3.6 10 3.6 3 1.1 5 1.8 280 100.0

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Summary Table Q3 to Q7 Average Importance Ratings (in descending order) How important (fill in) ? Response Is the educational value of the program Is the cost of the program Is the technical quality of the program Avg. rating (n = 280) 8.85 8.25 8.11 Is having few restrictions on the use of the program 7.76 Is how easy it is to get the program Are viewer recommendations 7.75 7.10 Scale: 10 = extremely important; 1 = not important NASA SCI FILES In the past year, did you receive a program called NASA SCI Files? Response Number Percentage Yes 166 59.3 No 114 40.7 280 100.0 (Of those who have received NASA SCI Files...) Are you Very Satisfied, Satisfied, Dissatisfied, or Very Dissatisfied with NASA SCI Files in terms of its overall quality? Response Very satisfied Satisfied Dissatisfied Very dissatisfied Don’t know/no answer 1Mean = 3.78 (n = 162) Number1 Percentage 128 77.1 33 19.9 1 0.6 0 0.0 4 2.4 166 100.0 NOTE: One-hundred fourteen people are not included in this table because they did not receive any NASA SCI Files programs in the past year. Mean Scale: 4 = very satisfied; 3 = satisfied; 2 = dissatisfied; 1 = very dissatisfied 10

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(Of those who have received NASA SCI Files...) Are you Very Satisfied, Satisfied, Dissatisfied, or Very Dissatisfied with NASA SCI Files in terms of its educational value? Response Very satisfied Satisfied Dissatisfied Very dissatisfied Don’t know/no answer 1Mean = 3.80 (n = 157) Number1 Percentage 126 75.9 30 18.1 1 0.6 0 0.0 9 5.4 166 100.0 NOTE: One-hundred fourteen people are not included in this table because they did not receive any NASA SCI Files programs in the past year. Mean Scale: 4 = very satisfied; 3 = satisfied; 2 = dissatisfied; 1 = very dissatisfied (Of those who have received NASA SCI Files...) Are you Very Satisfied, Satisfied, Dissatisfied, or Very Dissatisfied with NASA SCI Files in terms of its technical quality? Response Very satisfied Satisfied Dissatisfied Very dissatisfied Don’t know/no answer 1Mean = 3.79 (n = 152) Number1 Percentage 121 72.9 30 18.1 1 0.6 0 0.0 14 8.4 166 100.0 NOTE: One-hundred fourteen people are not included in this table because they did not receive any NASA SCI Files programs in the past year. Mean Scale: 4 = very satisfied; 3 = satisfied; 2 = dissatisfied; 1 = very dissatisfied (Of those who have received NASA SCI Files...) Are you Very Satisfied, Satisfied, Dissatisfied, or Very Dissatisfied with NASA SCI Files in terms of being aligned with national math, science, and technology standards? Response Very satisfied Satisfied Dissatisfied Very dissatisfied Don’t know/no answer 1Mean = 3.74 (n = 140) Number1 Percentage 103 62.0 37 22.3 0 0.0 0 0.0 26 15.7 166 100.0 NOTE: One-hundred fourteen people are not included in this table because they did not receive any NASA SCI Files programs in the past year. Mean Scale: 4 = very satisfied; 3 = satisfied; 2 = dissatisfied; 1 = very dissatisfied 11

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(Of those who have received NASA SCI Files...) Are you Very Satisfied, Satisfied, Dissatisfied, or Very Dissatisfied with NASA SCI Files in terms of being developmentally appropriate for children in that age group? Response Very satisfied Satisfied Dissatisfied Very dissatisfied Don’t know/no answer 1Mean = 3.72 (n = 145) Number1 Percentage 106 63.9 38 22.9 1 0.6 0 0.0 21 12.7 166 100.0 NOTE: One-hundred fourteen people are not included in this table because they did not receive any NASA SCI Files programs in the past year. Mean Scale: 4 = very satisfied; 3 = satisfied; 2 = dissatisfied; 1 = very dissatisfied (Of those who have received NASA SCI Files...) Are you Very Satisfied, Satisfied, Dissatisfied, or Very Dissatisfied with NASA SCI Files in terms of being easily incorporated into that grade level’s curriculum? Response Very satisfied Satisfied Dissatisfied Very dissatisfied Don’t know/no answer 1Mean = 3.53 (n = 131) Number1 Percentage 74 44.6 52 31.3 5 3.0 0 0.0 35 21.1 166 100.0 NOTE: One-hundred fourteen people are not included in this table because they did not receive any NASA SCI Files programs in the past year. Mean Scale: 4 = very satisfied; 3 = satisfied; 2 = dissatisfied; 1 = very dissatisfied 12

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(Of those who have received NASA SCI Files...) Are you Very Satisfied, Satisfied, Dissatisfied, or Very Dissatisfied with NASA SCI Files in terms of enhancing the integration of math, science, and technology? Response Very satisfied Satisfied Dissatisfied Very dissatisfied Don’t know/no answer 1Mean = 3.74 (n = 140) Number1 Percentage 103 62.0 37 22.3 0 0.0 0 0.0 26 15.7 166 100.0 NOTE: One-hundred fourteen people are not included in this table because they did not receive any NASA SCI Files programs in the past year. Mean Scale: 4 = very satisfied; 3 = satisfied; 2 = dissatisfied; 1 = very dissatisfied (Of those who have received NASA SCI Files...) Are you Very Satisfied, Satisfied, Dissatisfied, or Very Dissatisfied with NASA SCI Files in terms of showing women and minorities performing challenging engineering and scientific tasks? Response Very satisfied Satisfied Dissatisfied Very dissatisfied Don’t know/no answer 1Mean = 3.60 (n = 141) Number1 Percentage 88 53.0 50 30.1 2 1.2 1 0.6 25 15.1 166 100.0 NOTE: One-hundred fourteen people are not included in this table because they did not receive any NASA SCI Files programs in the past year. Mean Scale: 4 = very satisfied; 3 = satisfied; 2 = dissatisfied; 1 = very dissatisfied (Of those who have received NASA SCI Files...) Are you Very Satisfied, Satisfied, Dissatisfied, or Very Dissatisfied with NASA SCI Files in terms of quality of the educator guides? Response Very satisfied Satisfied Dissatisfied Very dissatisfied Don’t know/no answer 1Mean = 3.64 (n = 90) Number1 Percentage 59 35.5 30 18.1 1 0.6 0 0.0 76 45.8 166 100.0 NOTE: One-hundred fourteen people are not included in this table because they did not receive any NASA SCI Files programs in the past year. Mean Scale: 4 = very satisfied; 3 = satisfied; 2 = dissatisfied; 1 = very dissatisfied 13

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(Of those who have received NASA SCI Files...) Are you Very Satisfied, Satisfied, Dissatisfied, or Very Dissatisfied with NASA SCI Files in terms of quality of the Web-based activities? Response Very satisfied Satisfied Dissatisfied Very dissatisfied Don’t know/no answer 1Mean = 3.64 (n = 98) Number1 Percentage 63 38.0 35 21.1 0 0.0 0 0.0 68 41.0 166 100.0 NOTE: One-hundred fourteen people are not included in this table because they did not receive any NASA SCI Files programs in the past year. Mean Scale: 4 = very satisfied; 3 = satisfied; 2 = dissatisfied; 1 = very dissatisfied (Of those who have received NASA SCI Files...) Are you Very Satisfied, Satisfied, Dissatisfied, or Very Dissatisfied with NASA SCI Files in terms of the feedback you get from the audience? Response Very Satisfied Satisfied Dissatisfied Very Dissatisfied Don’t know/no answer 1Mean = 3.43 (n = 132) Number1 Percentage 60 36.1 69 41.6 3 1.8 0 0.0 34 20.5 166 100.0 NOTE: One-hundred fourteen people are not included in this table because they did not receive any NASA SCI Files programs in the past year. Mean Scale: 4 = very satisfied; 3 = satisfied; 2 = dissatisfied; 1 = very dissatisfied (Of those who have received NASA SCI Files...) Are you Very Satisfied, Satisfied, Dissatisfied, or Very Dissatisfied with NASA SCI Files in terms of how interesting the shows are? Response Very satisfied Satisfied Dissatisfied Very dissatisfied Don’t know/no answer 1Mean = 3.66 (n = 151) Number1 Percentage 103 62.0 45 27.1 2 1.2 1 0.6 15 9.0 166 100.0 NOTE: One-hundred fourteen people are not included in this table because they did not receive any NASA SCI Files programs in the past year. Mean Scale: 4 = very satisfied; 3 = satisfied; 2 = dissatisfied; 1 = very dissatisfied 14

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(Of those who have received NASA SCI Files...) Are you Very Satisfied, Satisfied, Dissatisfied, or Very Dissatisfied with NASA SCI Files in terms of how credible the shows are, being that they are from NASA? Response Very satisfied Satisfied Dissatisfied Very dissatisfied Don’t know/no answer 1Mean = 3.81 (n = 160) Number1 Percentage 131 78.9 28 16.9 1 0.6 0 0.0 6 3.6 166 100.0 NOTE: One-hundred fourteen people are not included in this table because they did not receive any NASA SCI Files programs in the past year. Mean Scale: 4 = very satisfied; 3 = satisfied; 2 = dissatisfied; 1 = very dissatisfied Summary Table Q10 to Q22 Average Satisfaction Ratings (in descending order) (Of those who have received NASA SCI Files...) Are you Very Satisfied (4), Satisfied (3), Dissatisfied (2), or Very Dissatisfied (1) with NASA SCI Files in terms of (fill in) ? Response Avg. Number rating responding How credible the shows are, being that they are from NASA 3.81 160 Educational value Technical quality Overall quality 3.80 157 3.79 152 3.78 162 Being aligned with national math, science, and technology standards 3.74 140 Enhancing the integration of math, science, and technology 3.74 140 Being developmentally appropriate for children in that age group 3.72 145 How interesting the shows are Quality of the educator guides Quality of the Web-based activities 3.66 151 3.64 90 3.64 98 Showing women and minorities performing challenging engineering and scientific tasks 3.60 141 Being easily incorporated into that grade level’s curriculum 3.53 131 Feedback from audience 3.43 132 Scale: 4 = very satisfied; 3 = satisfied; 2 = dissatisfied; 1 = very dissatisfied. 15

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(Of those who have received NASA SCI Files...) Do you have any suggestions for improving NASA SCI Files? Response No suggestions; fine as is Produce more shows Make them 30 minutes long Please label each tape by target age group Align the shows with our state’s standards Send them sooner Improve the tape copy quality Improve the Web site collateral materials Number Percentage 115 69.3 14 8.4 4 2.4 3 1.8 3 1.8 2 1.2 2 1.2 2 1.2 The shows are for young children, but I need high school level 2 1.2 Tell us when to expect them, so we can plan Send supporting 30-s PSAs for me to show Make them available in DVC-AM format I want access through the Web to all shows Show more minorities Stop the bogus emphasis on females and minorities Make it interactive Show more actual footage Dual feed in a.m. and p.m. They should make it more like MTV I don’t know 1 0.6 1 0.6 1 0.6 1 0.6 1 0.6 1 0.6 1 0.6 1 0.6 1 0.6 1 0.6 9 5.4 166 100.0 NOTE: One-hundred fourteen people are not included in this table because they did not receive any NASA SCI Files programs in the past year. NASA CONNECT In the past year, did you receive a program called NASA CONNECT? Response Number Percentage Yes 235 No 45 280 16 83.9 16.1 100.0

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(Of those who have received NASA CONNECT...) Are you Very Satisfied, Satisfied, Dissatisfied, or Very Dissatisfied with NASA CONNECT in terms of their overall quality? Response Very satisfied Satisfied Dissatisfied Very dissatisfied Don’t know/no answer 1Mean = 3.79 (n = 229) Number1 Percentage 183 77.9 45 19.1 1 0.4 0 0.0 6 2.6 235 100.0 NOTE: Forty-five people are not included in this table because they did not receive any NASA CONNECT programs in the past year. Mean Scale: 4 = very satisfied; 3 = satisfied; 2 = dissatisfied; 1 = very dissatisfied (Of those who have received NASA CONNECT...) Are you Very Satisfied, Satisfied, Dissatisfied, or Very Dissatisfied with NASA CONNECT in terms of its educational value? Response Very satisfied Satisfied Dissatisfied Very dissatisfied Don’t know/no answer 1Mean = 3.76 (n = 226) Number1 Percentage 173 73.6 52 22.1 1 0.4 0 0.0 9 3.8 235 100.0 NOTE: Forty-five people are not included in this table because they did not receive any NASA CONNECT programs in the past year. Mean Scale: 4 = very satisfied; 3 = satisfied; 2 = dissatisfied; 1 = very dissatisfied (Of those who have received NASA CONNECT...) Are you Very Satisfied, Satisfied, Dissatisfied, or Very Dissatisfied with NASA CONNECT in terms of their technical quality? Response Very satisfied Satisfied Dissatisfied Very dissatisfied Don’t know/no answer 1Mean = 3.76 (n = 217) Number1 Percentage 166 70.6 49 20.9 2 0.9 0 0.0 18 7.7 235 100.0 NOTE: Forty-five people are not included in this table because they did not receive any NASA CONNECT programs in the past year. Mean Scale: 4 = very satisfied; 3 = satisfied; 2 = dissatisfied; 1 = very dissatisfied 17

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(Of those who have received NASA CONNECT...) Are you Very Satisfied, Satisfied, Dissatisfied, or Very Dissatisfied with NASA CONNECT in terms of being aligned with national math, science, and technology standards? Response Very satisfied Satisfied Dissatisfied Very dissatisfied Don’t know/no answer 1Mean = 3.63 (n = 198) Number1 Percentage 124 52.8 74 31.5 0 0.0 0 0.0 37 15.7 235 100.0 NOTE: Forty-five people are not included in this table because they did not receive any NASA CONNECT programs in the past year. Mean Scale: 4 = very satisfied; 3 = satisfied; 2 = dissatisfied; 1 = very dissatisfied (Of those who have received NASA CONNECT...) Are you Very Satisfied, Satisfied, Dissatisfied, or Very Dissatisfied with NASA CONNECT in terms of being developmentally appropriate for children in that age group? Response Very satisfied Satisfied Dissatisfied Very dissatisfied Don’t know/no answer 1Mean = 3.66 (n = 208) Number1 Percentage 139 59.1 68 28.9 1 0.4 0 0.0 27 11.5 235 100.0 NOTE: Forty-five people are not included in this table because they did not receive any NASA CONNECT programs in the past year. Mean Scale: 4 = very satisfied; 3 = satisfied; 2 = dissatisfied; 1 = very dissatisfied (Of those who have received NASA CONNECT...) Are you Very Satisfied, Satisfied, Dissatisfied, or Very Dissatisfied with NASA CONNECT in terms of being easily incorporated into that grade level’s curriculum? Response Very satisfied Satisfied Dissatisfied Very dissatisfied Don’t know/no answer 1Mean = 3.55 (n = 181) Number1 Percentage 104 44.3 72 30.6 5 2.1 0 0.0 54 23.0 235 100.0 NOTE: Forty-five people are not included in this table because they did not receive any NASA CONNECT programs in the past year. Mean Scale: 4 = very satisfied; 3 = satisfied; 2 = dissatisfied; 1 = very dissatisfied 18

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(Of those who have received NASA CONNECT...) Are you Very Satisfied, Satisfied, Dissatisfied, or Very Dissatisfied with NASA CONNECT in terms of enhancing the integration of math, science, and technology? Response Very satisfied Satisfied Dissatisfied Very dissatisfied Don’t know/no answer 1Mean = 3.68 (n = 200) Number1 Percentage 136 57.9 64 27.2 0 0.0 0 0.0 35 14.9 235 100.0 NOTE: Forty-five people are not included in this table because they did not receive any NASA CONNECT programs in the past year. Mean Scale: 4 = very satisfied; 3 = satisfied; 2 = dissatisfied; 1 = very dissatisfied (Of those who have received NASA CONNECT...) Are you Very Satisfied, Satisfied, Dissatisfied, or Very Dissatisfied with NASA CONNECT in terms of showing women and minorities performing challenging engineering and scientific tasks? Response Very satisfied Satisfied Dissatisfied Very dissatisfied Don’t know/no answer 1Mean = 3.57 (n = 202) Number1 Percentage 120 51.1 78 33.2 4 1.7 0 0.0 33 14.0 235 100.0 NOTE: Forty-five people are not included in this table because they did not receive any NASA CONNECT programs in the past year. Mean Scale: 4 = very satisfied; 3 = satisfied; 2 = dissatisfied; 1 = very dissatisfied (Of those who have received NASA CONNECT...) Are you Very Satisfied, Satisfied, Dissatisfied, or Very Dissatisfied with NASA CONNECT in terms of the quality of the educator guides? Response Very satisfied Satisfied Dissatisfied Very dissatisfied Don’t know/no answer 1Mean = 3.54 (n = 127) Number1 Percentage 70 29.8 56 23.8 1 0.4 0 0.0 108 46.0 235 100.0 NOTE: Forty-five people are not included in this table because they did not receive any NASA CONNECT programs in the past year. Mean Scale: 4 = very satisfied; 3 = satisfied; 2 = dissatisfied; 1 = very dissatisfied 19

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(Of those who have received NASA CONNECT...) Are you Very Satisfied, Satisfied, Dissatisfied, or Very Dissatisfied with NASA CONNECT in terms of the quality of the Web-based activities? Response Very satisfied Satisfied Dissatisfied Very dissatisfied Don’t know/no answer 1Mean = 3.61 (n = 132) Number1 Percentage 81 34.5 51 21.7 0 0.0 0 0.0 103 43.8 235 100.0 NOTE: Forty-five people are not included in this table because they did not receive any NASA CONNECT programs in the past year. Mean Scale: 4 = very satisfied; 3 = satisfied; 2 = dissatisfied; 1 = very dissatisfied (Of those who have received NASA CONNECT...) Are you Very Satisfied, Satisfied, Dissatisfied, or Very Dissatisfied with NASA CONNECT in terms of the feedback you get from the audience? Response Very satisfied Satisfied Dissatisfied Very dissatisfied Don’t know/no answer 1Mean = 3.43 (n = 184) Number1 Percentage 84 35.7 95 40.4 5 2.1 0 0.0 51 21.7 235 100.0 NOTE: Forty-five people are not included in this table because they did not receive any NASA CONNECT programs in the past year. Mean Scale: 4 = very satisfied; 3 = satisfied; 2 = dissatisfied; 1 = very dissatisfied (Of those who have received NASA CONNECT...) Are you Very Satisfied, Satisfied, Dissatisfied, or Very Dissatisfied with NASA CONNECT in terms of how interesting the shows are? Response Very satisfied Satisfied Dissatisfied Very dissatisfied Don’t know/no answer 1Mean = 3.67 (n = 218) Number1 Percentage 149 63.4 67 28.5 2 0.9 0 0.0 17 7.2 235 100.0 NOTE: Forty-five people are not included in this table because they did not receive any NASA CONNECT programs in the past year. Mean Scale: 4 = very satisfied; 3 = satisfied; 2 = dissatisfied; 1 = very dissatisfied 20

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(Of those who have received NASA CONNECT...) Are you Very Satisfied, Satisfied, Dissatisfied, or Very Dissatisfied with NASA CONNECT in terms of how credible the shows are, being that they are from NASA? Response Very satisfied Satisfied Dissatisfied Very dissatisfied Don’t know/no answer 1Mean = 3.79 (n = 226) Number1 Percentage 179 76.2 47 20.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 9 3.8 235 100.0 NOTE: Forty-five people are not included in this table because they did not receive any NASA CONNECT programs in the past year. Mean Scale: 4 = very satisfied; 3 = satisfied; 2 = dissatisfied; 1 = very dissatisfied Summary Table Q24 to Q36 Average Satisfaction Ratings (in descending order) (Of those who have received NASA CONNECT...) Are you Very Satisfied (4), Satisfied (3), Dissatisfied (2), or Very Dissatisfied (1) with NASA CONNECT in terms of (fill in) ? Response Overall quality Avg. Number rating responding 3.79 229 How credible the shows are, being that they are from NASA 3.79 226 Educational value Technical quality 3.76 226 3.76 217 Enhancing the integration of math, science, and technology 3.68 200 How interesting the shows are 3.67 218 Being developmentally appropriate for children in that age group 3.66 208 Being aligned with national math, science, and technology standards 3.63 198 Quality of the Web-based activities 3.61 132 Showing women and minorities performing challenging engineering and scientific tasks 3.57 202 Being easily incorporated into that grade level’s curriculum 3.55 181 Quality of the educator guides Feedback you get from the audience 3.54 127 3.43 184 Scale: 4 = very satisfied; 3 = satisfied; 2 = dissatisfied; 1 = very dissatisfied. 21

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(Of those who have received NASA CONNECT...) Do you have any suggestions for improving NASA CONNECT? Response No suggestions; fine as is Produce more shows Tell us when to expect them, so we can plan Make them available in DVD format Align the shows with our state’s standards Send them sooner Make them 30 minutes long Improve the Web site collateral materials Improve the tape copy quality Make the tapes available in Spanish Keep them current Send out schedule by E-mail Make them available in digital format Make it interactive They should make it more like MTV Put a countdown up front to cue up material Make them more geared toward children Send supporting 30-s PSAs for me to show I don’t like the host Make them available in various formats The downlink signals are not good Make them available in DVC-AM format Make the shows available by streaming Number Percentage 142 60.4 21 8.9 8 3.4 5 2.1 5 2.1 4 1.7 4 1.7 3 1.3 2 0.9 2 0.9 2 0.9 2 0.9 2 0.9 2 0.9 2 0.9 1 0.4 1 0.4 1 0.4 1 0.4 1 0.4 1 0.4 1 0.4 1 0.4 The shows are for young children, but I need high school level 1 0.4 Please label each tape by target age group Offer local connection, not random access Stay with the same producer Have nice Web guides Dual feed in a.m. and p.m. Make it closed-captioned It’s hard to hear people sometimes Use more animation They should follow a progression—as a series I don’t know 1 0.4 1 0.4 1 0.4 1 0.4 1 0.4 1 0.4 1 0.4 1 0.4 1 0.4 11 4.7 235 100.0 NOTE: Forty-five people are not included in this table because they did not receive any NASA CONNECT programs in the past year. 22

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Additional Survey Results Overall, have you been Very Satisfied, Satisfied, Dissatisfied, or Very Dissatisfied with the dealings you’ve had with NASA’s Center for Distance Learning? Response Very satisfied Satisfied Dissatisfied Very dissatisfied Don’t know 1Mean = 3.59 (n = 269) Number1 Percentage 169 60.4 89 31.8 11 3.9 0 0.0 11 3.9 280 100.0 Mean Scale: 4 = very satisfied; 3 = satisfied; 2 = dissatisfied; 1 = very dissatisfied (If not satisfied with NASA’s Center for Distance Learning...) What didn’t go well? “My tapes have never arrived.” (3 people) “The tapes come too frequently.” (2 people) “They were nonresponsive to my phone calls and E-mails.” (2 people) “We have had trouble getting a signal from them.” (1 person) “They come in an unusable format.” (1 person) “They ignored my requests for the 1-minute kids science news.” (1 person) “Actors are too snappy and like MTV.” (1 person) Does your station receive the NASA programs by downlink, or does NASA send them to you? Response Downlink by KU Downlink by C-Band NASA sends them to us Satellite (not specific) KU and NASA sends them C-Band and NASA sends them I’ve never received any Number Percentage 46 16.4 26 9.3 164 58.6 1 0.4 21 7.5 17 6.1 5 1.8 280 100.0 Do you personally make decisions about which programs will be included in your station’s lineup? Response Number Percentage Yes No 23 241 86.1 39 13.9 280 100.0

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Would you recommend NASA’s SCI Files or NASA CONNECT to a colleague at another station? Response Yes No  Number Percentage 265 94.6 15 5.4 280 100.0 Does your station broadcast educational programs to schools? Response Yes No/We no longer do Number Percentage 210 75.0 70 25.0 280 100.0 Have state budget cuts in the past two years impacted your ability to broadcast educational programs to schools? Response Yes No We never did broadcast to schools Number Percentage 101 36.1 148 52.9 31 11.1 280 100.0 Some stations have begun to stream video for educational programs instead of broadcasting it. Have you considered this, or perhaps are you already doing this? Response No, it’s not a consideration now Number Percentage 82 29.3 We’ve considered it/We may do this in the future 140 50.0 We already do that 58 20.7 280 100.0 Some stations have entered into a business agreement with a provider of video programming such as “United Streaming.” Have you considered this, or perhaps are you already doing this? Response No, it’s not a consideration now Number Percentage 150 53.6 We’ve considered it/We may do this in the future 90 32.1 We already do that 24 40 14.3 280 100.0

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Some stations have joined a consortium with other stations, such as “ChalkWave.Com,” to provide access to educational programs through a dedicated hard drive. Have you considered this, or perhaps are you already doing this? Response No, it’s not a consideration now Number Percentage 159 56.8 We’ve considered it/We may do this in the future 109 38.9 We already do that Demographics 12 4.3 280 100.0 How many years have you been working at this TV station? Averages1 One year Two years Three years Four years Five years Six to ten years Eleven to fifteen years Sixteen or more years 1Based on nongrouped data. 2Mean = 7.8 years; Median = 5.5 years Number2 Percentage 22 7.9 29 10.4 37 13.2 23 8.2 29 10.4 68 24.3 37 13.2 35 12.5 280 100.0 What is the occupational area of your position at the station? Response Management Production Marketing/Outreach Operations 25 Number Percentage 100 35.7 101 36.1 24 8.6 55 19.6 280 100.0

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What is the highest level of education you have completed? Response High school or less One to three years of college A four-year college degree A Master’s degree A Doctorate Age of Respondent Mean1 = 44.6 years Twenties Thirties Forties Fifties Sixties or older Number Percentage 11 3.9 42 15.0 159 56.8 59 21.1 9 3.2 280 100.0 Number Percentage 22 7.9 69 24.6 102 36.4 72 25.7 15 5.4 280 100.0 1Based on category midpoint interpolation. A value of 65 was used for the category “Sixties or older.” Gender of Respondent Response Male Female 26 Number Percentage 142 50.7 138 49.3 280 100.0

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State Where TV Station is Located (From Internal Records) Location Alabama Alaska California Colorado Connecticut Delaware Florida Georgia Hawaii Idaho Illinois Indiana Iowa Kansas Kentucky Louisiana Maine Maryland Massachusetts Michigan Minnesota Mississippi Missouri Montana Nebraska Nevada New Hampshire New Jersey New Mexico New York North Carolina North Dakota Ohio Oklahoma Oregon Pennsylvania Rhode Island South Carolina South Dakota Tennessee Texas Utah Vermont Virginia Washington State West Virginia Wisconsin Wyoming Virgin Islands 27 Number Percentage 2 0.7 3 1.1 20 7.1 6 2.1 4 1.4 1 0.4 21 7.5 4 1.4 3 1.1 2 0.7 7 2.5 6 2.1 4 1.4 1 0.4 5 1.8 4 1.4 3 1.1 4 1.4 23 8.2 10 3.6 7 2.5 1 0.4 4 1.4 2 0.7 1 0.4 3 1.1 2 0.7 3 1.1 1 0.4 18 6.4 8 2.9 1 0.4 19 6.8 3 1.1 5 1.8 5 1.8 1 0.4 2 0.7 1 0.4 5 1.8 20 7.1 1 0.4 1 0.4 17 6.1 8 2.9 1 0.4 3 1.1 3 1.1 1 0.4 280 100.0

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Type of Station (From Internal Records) Station type Cable PBS ITV Commercial Number Percentage 133 47.5 57 20.4 82 29.3 8 2.9 280 100.0 Location of TV Station (Based on Time Zone) [This table was computer-generated.] Station location Eastern Central Mountain Pacific Alaska Hawaii Out of country 28 Number Percentage 154 55.0 64 22.9 19 6.8 36 12.9 3 1.1 3 1.1 1 0.4 280 100.0

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Appendix A Participating Stations TV 10 BKAT KWES ST. TAMMANY PARISH SCHOOL BOARD WYCC INSTRUCTIONAL TV LAREDO NEW HAMPSHIRE PTV/WENH 11 WFGC/TV 61 WGVU/WGVK BREVARD PUBLIC SCHOOLS STARNET CHARLOTTE-MECKLENBURG PUBLIC SCHOOLS/CMS-TV HITV HERNANDO INSTRUCTIONAL TV REDDING COMMUNITY ACCESS CORP. MISSISSIPPI EDUCATIONAL TV KENTUCKY EDUCATIONAL TELEVISION WSIU 8/WUSI 16 WTCI TV 45 IOWA PUBLIC TELEVISION PITTSFIELD ETV GREENFIELD COMMUNITY TV DUCKBURY COMMUNITY TELEVISION BAILEYVILLE CABLE TV PPTV-PRAIRIE PUBLIC TV KRMA-ROCKY MT. PUBLIC TV CABLE CHANNEL 10 CHANNEL 20 CITY OF ST. CHARLES CAT COLUMBIA ACCESS TV TOWN SQUARE TV WATERLOO GOVT. ACCESS GRTV WBRK BERKLEY CH. 53 & 10 CAMBRIDGE COMMUNITY TV GULF COUNTY PUBLIC SCHOOLS EL PASO INDEP. SCHOOL DISTRICT NETA-NAT’L. EDUCATIONAL TELECOMMUNICATIONS ASSN. WCTV/CATV IDAHO STATE DEPT. OF EDUCATION OKLAHOMA STATE DEPT. OF EDUC. BROOKLYN CABLE TV-BCAT FORSYTH COUNTY SCHOOLS/CH. 2 SOLON COMMUNITY TV PUBLIC ACCESS COMMUNITY TV NETWORK/CTN SAN DIEGO CHANNEL 14 DJUSD QUINCY ACCESS TV 29

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CAPE COD COMMUNITY MEDIA CENTER CARROLL MIDDLE SCHOOL BRAINTREE COMMUNITY TELEVISION-CABLE CH. 31 SETV-EDUCATIONAL ACCESS/SHREWSBURY THE BOSTON CHANNEL ADELPHIA’S CH. 13 FOXBORO CABLE ACCESS INC. AOTV MT. BLUE TV THE EDUCATION CHANNEL/THE EXPLORER CHANNEL-TAMPA DAYTON ACCESS TV/CH. 20 DATV MARION COUNTY SCHOOL BOARD WSKG/WSQX CH. 46 STATEN ISLAND COMMUNITY TV NEW YORK NETWORK FACT FAIRPORT AREA COMMUNITY TV FAIRFAX COUNTY PUBLIC SCHOOLS CH. 36 HANOVER COUNTY PUBLIC SCHOOLS WSPF TV CITY OF ST. PETERSBURG MONTGOMERY COMMUNITY TV-ROCKVILLE HIGH SCHOOL EDUCATIONAL TV WGBY PUBLIC TV GREAT BLUE YONDER WYBE CH. 12 PHILADELPHIA COMMUNITY ACCESS TV-HANOVER WILLINET MARYLAND PUBLIC TV WIPB-TV WPBA CH. 30 ATLANTA PUBLIC BROADCASTING CABLE-TAP/WLRN TV CUMBERLAND COUNTY PUBLIC SCHOOLS WVUT-TV WLX-TV HIGHLANDS COUNTY PUBLIC SCHOOLS CLAY COUNTY MEDIA CABLE ACCESS-36-MEDINA TV MIDDELTOWN MIAMI VALLY CABLE COUNCIL-CENTERVILLE LCTV-LOCKPORT LTC-LOWELL ORION COMMUNITY CABLE SCAT SOMERVILLE COMMUNITY ACCESS TV SWOCC-FARMINGTON HILL KERA/KDTN NORTH TEXAS PUBLIC BROADCASTING KEDT TV-SOUTH TEXAS PUBLIC BROADCASTING KWBU BRAZOS VALLEY-PUBLIC BROADCASTING FOUNDATION-WACO GWINNETT COUNTY PUBLIC SCHOOLS/GCPS TV NJN-NEW JERSEY NETWORK/PUBLIC TV WIWU-LPTV 51 PEOPLE TV INC.-ATLANTA RCTV-ROSWELL CITI TV CHARTER CABLE CH. 32 KMBH-TV 60/RIO GRANDE VALLEY EDUCATIONAL TV 30

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COOPERATING SCHOOL DISTRICTS/ST. LOUIS BROWARD COUNTY SCHOOLS GATV-10 BLUE RIDGE PUBLIC TV LAKE COUNTY PUBLIC SCHOOLS ROANOKE COUNTY PUBLIC SCHOOLS NEW HANOVER COUNTY PUBLIC SCHOOLS KAWE/KAWB DHTV E2CC BOCES COMCAST DELMARVA-DOVER NACEPF INC. WVPT-HARRISONBURG KJLA/KXLA PISCATAWAY HIGH SCHOOL KELM EL MONTE COMMUNITY ACCESS PARTNERS OF SAN BUENAVENTURA BILLINGS COMMUNITY-CABLE CHANNEL 7 COMMUNITY ACCESS TELEVISION-SALINA KCWC/CH. 4-WYOMING PUBLIC TELEVISION KULC-TV-SALT LAKE CITY MONTANA PBS-MONTANA PUBLIC TELEVISION KINGWOOD CABLEVISION KC 37 COMMUNITY TELEVISION WISCONSIN PUBLIC TV KRSC WCTE-TV/COOKEVILLE PUBLIC BROADCASTING SYSTEM WYAM TV 56 WAND-TV MVTV 9-MIDVALLEY TELEVISION-TOPPENISH UNION PARISH SCHOOL BOARD EDUCATION TV DES MOINES INDEPENDENT COMMUNITY SCHOOL DISTRICT RICHARDSON INDEPENDENT SCHOOL DISTRICT KGEB-TV CLACKAMAS COUNTY CABLE COMMUNICATION MCMINNVILLE COMMUN. MEDIA-CH. 11 TUALATIN VALLEY TELEVISION ICTV INC.-GRAND RAPIDS WBKI WVIZ WCET-TV 48 WDCQ AURORA COMMUNITY TV ST. PAUL NEIGHBORHOOD NETWORK VALLEY ACCESS CHANNELS-STILLWATER STRATFORD HIGH SCHOOL RICHARDSON INSTRUCTIONAL TV CITY OF GARLAND CGTV 16 WLJT-CHANNEL 11-MARTIN ST. MARTIN PARISH-BREAUX BRIDGE 31

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CITY 6 COA-TV BLOOMINGTON CATS-COMMUNITY ACCESS TV SERVICES WVPB-WEST VIRGINIA PUBLIC BROADCASTING WITF TV-33 M-PACT HAWAII DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION SEATTLE PUBLIC SCHOOLS TV KDOL TV 13-OAKLAND UNIFIED DISTRICT KCLV 2 KNXT CH. 49 KENW-TV 3 EASTERN NEW MEXICO UNIVERSITY IDPTV-IDAHO PUBLIC TELEVISION NEW CASTLE COMMUNITY TV-CHAPPAQUA CABARRUS COUNTY PUBLIC SCHOOLS ANCHORAGE PUBLIC SCHOOLS KCNS-TV 38 KOCE-TV ICN5-INSIGHT PRODUCTIONS WHEATON COMMUNITY TV INDIANAPOLIS PUBLIC SCHOOLS GO CAT TV 3 BROCKTON COMMUNITY ACCESS OHIO EDUCATIONAL TELECOMMUNICATIONS BALTIMORE CITY PUBLIC SCHOOLS CABLE CH. 7 ACCESS OSCEOIA WCNY CH. 24-CENTRAL NEW YORK’S OWN-SYRACUSE GOVERNMENT CHANNEL WESTERN RESERVE CABLE 9 MACEDONIA WTJX-TV CHANNEL 12 PUBLIC ACCESS OF ANDOVER COUNTY FLORIDA KNOWLEDGE NETWORK DIXIE COUNTY HIGH SCHOOLS WAYCROSS COMMUNITY MEDIA-FORREST PARK CHARTER COMMUNICATIONS COMMUNITY VISION 21 LMC-TV MAMARONECK CITIZENS TELEVISION CITIZENS TELEVISION INC. NEW HAVEN DENVER PUBLIC SCHOOLS DISTANCE LEARNING NETWORK DENVER PUBLIC SCHOOLS KATV CHANNEL 8 CITY OF ARVADA BISD AND KBSD CHESAPEAKE COUNTY PUBLIC SCHOOLS WCTV 48 NORFOLK CITY PUBLIC SCHOOLS VIRGINIA BEACH CITY PUBLIC SCHOOLS HAMPTON CITY SCHOOLS WPBS CH. 16 WCVE-RICHMOND PUBLIC BROADCASTING SYSTEM LONG BEACH UNIFIED SCHOOL DISTRICT PORTLAND CABLE ACCESS TV ETC OF VANCOUVER ACCESS SACRAMENTO 32

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KTOP-OAKLAND KVPT-VALLEY PUBLIC TV CHESTERFIELD COUNTY PUBLIC SCHOOLS CITY TV 19 ICAT/TOWN HALL NWOET BUFFALO TV TVW-36 WFWA 39-FORT WAYNE AIR MANHATTAN NEIGHBORHOOD NETWORK HENRICO COUNTY PUBLIC SCHOOLS CLEVELAND MUNICIPAL SCHOOL DISTRICT PHILADELPHIA PUBLIC SCHOOLS-TV UTILIZATION WEST PALM BEACH CHANNEL 20/WPY-38 WNYE CHANNEL 25-NEW YORK CITY BOARD OF EDUCATION WGTE BROADCASTING-GREATER TOLEDO EDUCATION METRO LOUISVILLE GOVERNMENT WHNS CITY OF COLUMBUS/TELECOMMUNICATIONS KUAC-THE ALASKA ONE NETWORK KTVD UPN 20 FWISD-TV 33 PLANO TELEVISION NETWORK CAMPBELL COUNTY CABLE BOARD AND COMMUNITY MEDIA CENTER THE HEALTH TV CHANNEL WHRO-CHANNEL 15 ETSEO NORWOOD COMMUNITY TELEVISION MEDIA NETWORK OF WATERFORD CORALVISION BAY COUNTY DISTRICT SCHOOLS NEWPORT NEWS CITY PUBLIC SCHOOLS COMMUNITY ACCESS TELEVISION PORTLAND PUBLIC SCHOOLS/CABLE CHANNEL 28 SIERRA NEVADA COMMUNITY ACCESS TV CITY-TV OF SANTA BARBARA-CHANNEL 18 WBRW 6-ROMEO TRAVERSE BAY AREA INTERMEDIATE SCHOOL DISTRICT ALEXANDRIA CITY COUNTY PUBLIC SCHOOLS ARLINGTON CABLE CHANNEL 32 ACCESS BELLINGHAM INCORPORATED-ABMI CABLE 8 MANASSAS CITY PUBLIC SCHOOLS MEAC 9 NBTV 98-NEW BEDFORD ECTV-ENUMCLAW KLVX-CHANNEL 10 CYPRESS CITY CHANNEL PADUCAH 2 COMMUNITY ACCESS WNET-NEW YORK THIRTEEN MONTGOMERY COUNTY PUBLIC SCHOOLS COX COMMUNICATIONS 33

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WLVT GROTON CABLE ACCESS STAR SCHOOLS-CHANNEL 57 WPNE GILLETTE PUBLIC ACCESS TV CTV15 DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION/ATR EL SEGUNDO COMMUNITY CABLE VILLAGE OF MOUNT PROSPECT II-MPTV 17 SABINE PARISH SCHOOLS VAIL VALLEY COMMUNITY TELEVISION SFA-TV NEBRASKA DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION WTVI CHARLOTTE OFFICE OF CAMBRIDGE CABLE TELEVISION GCS21-THE EDUCATIONAL STATION HOM-TV MERIDIAN GOVT. TV-OREMOS MOORE HAVEN JR./SR. PUBLIC SCHOOL AKAKU MAUI COMMUNITY TV FVTV SCC WLIW 21 LONG ISLAND PUENTE HILLS COMMUNITY PROGRAMMING CORP.-HACIENDA HEIGHT LA COUNTY OFFICE OF EDUCATION SDPTV-SOUTH DAKOTA PUBLIC TELEVISION KSPS PUBLIC TELEVISION-SPOKANE PUBLIC SCHOOLS CITY OF COPPELL PAC TV-PLYMOUTH KLRU TV CAPITAL OF TEXAS PUBLIC BROADCASTING WGCU FLORIDA GULF COAST UNIVERSITY-FT. MEYERS 34

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Appendix B Follow-Up Survey: “NASA SCI Files” and “NASA CONNECT ”  Ask to speak with Program Manager/name on list [If none, ask for Station Manager]. Hello, I am _______ with Continental Research and we’ve been asked to conduct a little follow-up survey about two programs produced by the NASA Center for Distance Learning. Your station registered to receive one or more of these shows. SECTION A 1) I am not speaking specifically about NASA shows, yet. In general, what is the single most important thing that impacts your decision to select a program to air on your station? _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ 2) Let’s talk about how you decide whether or not to select a program to air on your station. Using a 1 to 10 scale where 1 is Not Important and 10 is Extremely Important, how important is the cost of the program? Not Imp. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Ext. Imp. 3) On a 1 to 10 scale where 1 is Not Important and 10 is Extremely Important, how important is the technical quality of the program? Not Imp. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Ext. Imp. According to the Paperwork Reduction Act of 1995, no persons are required to respond to a collection of information unless it displays a valid OMB control number. The valid OMB control number for this information is (OMB 2700-0012). The time required to complete this information collection should not exceed 45 minutes per response including the time to review the instructions, search existing data resources, gather the data needed, and complete and review the information collected. If you have concerns regarding the status of your individual submission of this survey, write directly to: The NASA Langley Center for Distance Learning, Attn: Dr. Thomas E. Pinelli, Mail Stop 400-DL, Office of Education, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681-2199. 35

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1. On a 1 to 10 scale where 1 is Not Important and 10 is Extremely Important, how important is how easy it is to get the program? Not Imp. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Ext. Imp. 5) On a 1 to 10 scale where 1 is Not Important and 10 is Extremely Important, how important is the educational value of the program? Not Imp. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Ext. Imp. 6) On a 1 to 10 scale where 1 is Not Important and 10 is Extremely Important, how important is having few restrictions on the use of the program? Not Imp. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Ext. Imp. 7) On a 1 to 10 scale where 1 is Not Important and 10 is Extremely Important, how important are viewer recommendations? Not Imp. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Ext. Imp. In the past year, did you receive a program called NASA SCI Files? 8) 1- Yes (Ask Section B) 2- No And, did you receive a program called NASA CONNECT? 9) 1- Yes (Ask Section C) 2- No SECTION B (Look at Q8) Are you Very Satisfied, Satisfied, Dissatisfied, or Very Dissatisfied with NASA SCI Files in 10) terms of its overall quality? 4- Very Satisfied 3- Satisfied 2- Dissatisfied 1- Very Dissatisfied Are you Very Satisfied, Satisfied, Dissatisfied, or Very Dissatisfied with NASA SCI Files in 11) terms of its educational value? 4- Very Satisfied 3- Satisfied 2- Dissatisfied 1- Very Dissatisfied 36

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Are you Very Satisfied, Satisfied, Dissatisfied, or Very Dissatisfied with NASA SCI Files in 12) terms of its technical quality? 4- Very Satisfied 3- Satisfied 2- Dissatisfied 1- Very Dissatisfied Are you Very Satisfied, Satisfied, Dissatisfied, or Very Dissatisfied with NASA SCI Files in 13) terms of being aligned with national math, science, and technology standards? 4- Very Satisfied 3- Satisfied 2- Dissatisfied 1- Very Dissatisfied Are you Very Satisfied, Satisfied, Dissatisfied, or Very Dissatisfied with NASA SCI Files in 14) terms of being developmentally appropriate for children in that age group? 4- Very Satisfied 3- Satisfied 2- Dissatisfied 1- Very Dissatisfied Are you Very Satisfied, Satisfied, Dissatisfied, or Very Dissatisfied with NASA SCI Files in 15) terms of being easily incorporated into that grade level’s curriculum? 4- Very Satisfied 3- Satisfied 2- Dissatisfied 1- Very Dissatisfied Are you Very Satisfied, Satisfied, Dissatisfied, or Very Dissatisfied with NASA SCI Files in 16) terms of enhancing the integration of math, science, and technology? 4- Very Satisfied 3- Satisfied 2- Dissatisfied 1- Very Dissatisfied Are you Very Satisfied, Satisfied, Dissatisfied, or Very Dissatisfied with NASA SCI Files in 17) terms of showing women and minorities performing challenging engineering and scientific tasks? 4- Very Satisfied 3- Satisfied 2- Dissatisfied 1- Very Dissatisfied Are you Very Satisfied, Satisfied, Dissatisfied, or Very Dissatisfied with NASA SCI Files in 18) terms of the quality of the educator guides? 4- Very Satisfied 3- Satisfied 2- Dissatisfied 1- Very Dissatisfied Are you Very Satisfied, Satisfied, Dissatisfied, or Very Dissatisfied with NASA SCI Files in 19) terms of the quality of the Web-based activities? 4- Very Satisfied 3- Satisfied 2- Dissatisfied 1- Very Dissatisfied 37

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Are you Very Satisfied, Satisfied, Dissatisfied, or Very Dissatisfied with NASA SCI Files in 20) terms of the feedback you get from the audience? 4- Very Satisfied 3- Satisfied 2- Dissatisfied 1- Very Dissatisfied Are you Very Satisfied, Satisfied, Dissatisfied, or Very Dissatisfied with NASA SCI Files in 21) terms of how interesting the shows are? 4- Very Satisfied 3- Satisfied 2- Dissatisfied 1- Very Dissatisfied Are you Very Satisfied, Satisfied, Dissatisfied, or Very Dissatisfied with NASA SCI Files in 22) terms of how credible the shows are, being that they are from NASA? 4- Very Satisfied 3- Satisfied 2- Dissatisfied 1- Very Dissatisfied Do you have any suggestions for improving NASA SCI Files? 9 None 23) _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ SECTION C (Look at Q9) Are you Very Satisfied, Satisfied, Dissatisfied, or Very Dissatisfied with NASA CONNECT in 24) terms of its overall quality? 4- Very Satisfied 3- Satisfied 2- Dissatisfied 1- Very Dissatisfied Are you Very Satisfied, Satisfied, Dissatisfied, or Very Dissatisfied with NASA CONNECT in 25) terms of its educational value? 4- Very Satisfied 3- Satisfied 2- Dissatisfied 1- Very Dissatisfied Are you Very Satisfied, Satisfied, Dissatisfied, or Very Dissatisfied with NASA CONNECT in 26) terms of its technical quality? 4- Very Satisfied 3- Satisfied 2- Dissatisfied 1- Very Dissatisfied Are you Very Satisfied, Satisfied, Dissatisfied, or Very Dissatisfied with NASA CONNECT in 27) terms of being aligned with national math, science, and technology standards? 4- Very Satisfied 3- Satisfied 2- Dissatisfied 1- Very Dissatisfied 38

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Are you Very Satisfied, Satisfied, Dissatisfied, or Very Dissatisfied with NASA CONNECT in 28) terms of being developmentally appropriate for children in that age group? 4- Very Satisfied 3- Satisfied 2- Dissatisfied 1- Very Dissatisfied Are you Very Satisfied, Satisfied, Dissatisfied, or Very Dissatisfied with NASA CONNECT in 29) terms of being easily incorporated into that grade level’s curriculum? 4- Very Satisfied 3- Satisfied 2- Dissatisfied 1- Very Dissatisfied Are you Very Satisfied, Satisfied, Dissatisfied, or Very Dissatisfied with NASA CONNECT in 30) terms of enhancing the integration of math, science, and technology? 4- Very Satisfied 3- Satisfied 2- Dissatisfied 1- Very Dissatisfied Are you Very Satisfied, Satisfied, Dissatisfied, or Very Dissatisfied with NASA CONNECT in 31) terms of showing women and minorities performing challenging engineering and scientific tasks? 4- Very Satisfied 3- Satisfied 2- Dissatisfied 1- Very Dissatisfied Are you Very Satisfied, Satisfied, Dissatisfied, or Very Dissatisfied with NASA CONNECT in 32) terms of the quality of the educator guides? 4- Very Satisfied 3- Satisfied 2- Dissatisfied 1- Very Dissatisfied Are you Very Satisfied, Satisfied, Dissatisfied, or Very Dissatisfied with NASA CONNECT in 33) terms of the quality of the Web-based activities? 4- Very Satisfied 3- Satisfied 2- Dissatisfied 1- Very Dissatisfied Are you Very Satisfied, Satisfied, Dissatisfied, or Very Dissatisfied with NASA CONNECT in 34) terms of the feedback you get from the audience? 4- Very Satisfied 3- Satisfied 2- Dissatisfied 1- Very Dissatisfied Are you Very Satisfied, Satisfied, Dissatisfied, or Very Dissatisfied with NASA CONNECT in 35) terms of how interesting the shows are? 4- Very Satisfied 3- Satisfied 2- Dissatisfied 1- Very Dissatisfied 39

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Are you Very Satisfied, Satisfied, Dissatisfied, or Very Dissatisfied with NASA CONNECT in 36) terms of how credible the shows are, being that they are from NASA? 4- Very Satisfied 3- Satisfied 2- Dissatisfied 1- Very Dissatisfied Do you have any suggestions for improving NASA CONNECT? 9 None 37) _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ SECTION D 38) Overall, have you been Very Satisfied, Satisfied, Dissatisfied, or Very Dissatisfied with the dealings you’ve had with NASA’s Center for Distance Learning? 4- Very Satisfied (Go to Q40) 2- Dissatisfied 3- Satisfied (Go to Q40) 1- Very Dissatisfied 39) (If Q38 = 2 or 1) What didn’t go well? ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ 40) Does your station receive the NASA programs by downlink, or does NASA send them to you? We downlink them ≡ Is that by 1- KU or 2- C-Band? 3- NASA sends them to us x- Other ______________________________________ 41) Do you personally make decisions about which programs will be included in your station’s lineup? 1- Yes 2- No or NASA CONNECT] to a colleague at another 42) Would you recommend [NASA SCI Files station? 1- Yes 2- No 40

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1. Does your station broadcast educational programs to schools? 1- Yes 2- No/No longer 44) Have state budget cuts in the past two years impacted your ability to broadcast educational programs to schools? 1- Yes 2- No 3- We never did broadcast to schools 45) Some stations have begun to stream video for educational programs instead of broadcasting it. Have you considered this, or perhaps are you already doing this? 1- No, it’s not a consideration now 2- We’ve considered it/We may do this in the future 3- We already do that 46) Some stations have entered into a business agreement with a provider of video programming such as “United Streaming.” Have you considered this, or perhaps are you already doing this? 1- No, it’s not a consideration now 2- We’ve considered it/We may do this in the future 3- We already do that 47) Some stations have joined a consortium with other stations, such as “ChalkWave.Com”, to provide access to educational programs through a dedicated hard drive. Have you considered this, or perhaps are you already doing this? 1- No, it’s not a consideration now 2- We’ve considered it/We may do this in the future 3- We already do that 48) How many years have you been working at this TV station? ______ Years 49) What is the occupational area of your position at the station? ___________________________________ 41

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1. What is the highest level of education you have completed? 1- High school or less 2- One to three years of college 3- A four-year college degree 51) And, are you in your: 4- A Master’s degree 5- A Doctorate 2- Twenties 3- Thirties 4- Forties 5- Fifties 6- Sixties or older? THANKS SO MUCH FOR HELPING WITH OUR SURVEY! RECORD: 52) Gender: 1- Male 2- Female 53) State: ______ 54) Station Type: 1- Cable 2- PBS 55) Time Zone: 0- Eastern 1- Central 2- Mountain 3- Pacific 42 3- ITV 4- Commercial 4- Alaska 5- Hawaii 9- Out of Country

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Form Approved REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE OMB No. 0704-0188 The public reporting burden for this collection of information is estimated to average 1 hour per response, including the time for reviewing instructions, searching existingdata sources, gathering and maintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing the collection of information. Send comments regarding this burden estimate or anyother aspect of this collection of information, including suggestions for reducing this burden, to Department of Defense, Washington Headquarters Services, Directorate for Information Operations and Reports (0704-0188), 1215 Jefferson Davis Highway, Suite 1204, Arlington, VA 22202-4302. Respondents should be aware that notwithstanding any other provision of law, no person shall be subject to any penalty for failing to comply with a collection of information if it does not display a currently valid OMB control number. PLEASE DO NOT RETURN YOUR FORM TO THE ABOVE ADDRESS. 1. REPORT DATE (DD-MM-YYYY) 2. REPORT TYPE 01- 05 - 2004 Technical Memorandum 4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE 3. DATES COVERED (From - To) 5a. CONTRACT NUMBER Results of a Telephone Survey of Television Station Managers Concerning the NASA SCI Files™ and NASA CONNECT™ 6. AUTHOR(S) Pinelli, Thomas E.; Perry, Jeannine 7. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES) NASA Langley Research Center Hampton, VA 23681-2199 5b. GRANT NUMBER 5c. PROGRAM ELEMENT NUMBER 5d. PROJECT NUMBER 5e. TASK NUMBER 5f. WORK UNIT NUMBER 23-090-20-09 8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NUMBER L-18376 9. SPONSORING/MONITORING AGENCY NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES) 10. SPONSOR/MONITOR'S ACRONYM(S) National Aeronautics and Space Administration Washington, DC 20546-0001 12. DISTRIBUTION/AVAILABILITY STATEMENT Unclassified - Unlimited Subject Category 82 NASA 11. SPONSOR/MONITOR'S REPORT NUMBER(S) NASA/TM-2004-213029 Availability: NASA CASI (301) 621-0390 Distribution: Standard 13. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES Pinelli, Langley Research Center; Perry, Continental Research, Norfolk. An electronic version can be found at http://techreports.larc.nasa.gov/ltrs/ or http://ntrs.nasa.gov 14. ABSTRACT A telephone survey of television station managers concerning 2 instructional television programs, the NASA SCI Files™ and NASA CONNECT™, offered by the NASA Langley Center for Distance Learning (CDL) was conducted. Using a 4-point scale, with 4 being very satisfied, survey participants reported that they were either very satisfied (77.1 percent) or satisfied (19.9 percent) with the overall (educational and technical) quality of the NASA SCI Files™. Using a 4-point scale, with 4 being very satisfied, survey participants reported that they were either very satisfied (77.9 percent) or satisfied (19.1 percent) with the overall (educational and technical) quality of NASA CONNECT™. 15. SUBJECT TERMS Education; Survey; Evaluation; Television 16. SECURITY CLASSIFICATION OF: 17. LIMITATION OF ABSTRACT a. REPORT b. ABSTRACT c. THIS PAGE U U U UU 18. NUMBER 19a. NAME OF RESPONSIBLE PERSON OF PAGES STI Help Desk (email: help@sti.nasa.gov) 19b. TELEPHONE NUMBER (Include area code) 47 (301) 621-0390 Standard Form 298 (Rev. 8-98) Prescribed by ANSI Std. Z39.18