Work overview

Section 05 of 05

Conclusions

Optimal serum potassium concentrations in heart failure: an individual patient data meta-analysis

Ryohei Ono, Misato Chimura, Kieran F Docherty, Alasdair D Henderson, Ross Campbell, Akshay S Desai, Michel Komajda, Milton Packer, Marc A Pfeffer, Bertram Pitt, John R Teerlink, Faiez Zannad, Muthiah Vaduganathan, Orly Vardeny, Mingming Yang, Pardeep S Jhund, Scott D Solomon, and John J V McMurray · 2026

Contents

Section 05 of 05

  1. 01Introduction
  2. 02Methods
  3. 03Results
  4. 04Discussion
  5. 05Conclusions
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Work overview

Section 5 of 5

Conclusions

Ryohei Ono, Misato Chimura, Kieran F Docherty, Alasdair D Henderson, Ross Campbell, Akshay S Desai, Michel Komajda, Milton Packer, Marc A Pfeffer, Bertram Pitt, John R Teerlink, Faiez Zannad, Muthiah Vaduganathan, Orly Vardeny, Mingming Yang, Pardeep S Jhund, Scott D Solomon, and John J V McMurray · about 1 minutes

In conclusion, this study demonstrates differential associations between serum potassium level and clinical outcomes in HFrEF and HFpEF. In HFrEF, a reverse J-shaped risk curve was observed, emphasizing the importance of avoiding hypokalaemia. In contrast, a flatter U-shaped relationship between potassium level and outcomes was observed in HFpEF. In both HF phenotypes, the optimum potassium concentration appeared to be 4.2–5.0 mmol/L, but even concentrations of ≥5.0–<5.5 mmol/L were associated with minimal risk. Based upon risk, there is an argument to redefine hypokalaemia as a potassium concentration <4.0 mmol/L.