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NASA Technical Memorandum 108982 ho NASA Scientific and Technical Information Program Multimedia Initiative G. Cotter and K. Kaye (NASA-TM-I08982) NASA SCIENTIFIC N93-19900 AND TECHNICAL INFORMATION PROGRAM MULTIMEDIA INITIATIVE (NASA) 10 Uncla$ G3/82 0150550 SCIENTIFICTECHNICA INFORMATION

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STI PROGRAM MULTIMEDIA INITIATIVE Gladys A. Cotter Sckntific and Teclmical Information Program Director Karen Kaye Multimedia Initiative Project Manager National Aeronautics and Space Administration Scientific and Technical lnfmunatiou Program Wasldngtoa, DC 20546 Abstract can be gained through the use of multimedia. The NewMedia magazine information visionaries have ThispaperrelatestheexperienceoftheNASA summarized mulfimedia's impact in the following ScientificandTechnicalInformationProgramin terms: "roday the power to fundamentally change the introducingmultimediawithintheSTIProgram way we communicate and learn is at our fingertips. framework. A discussionofmul_mediatechnology is Multiple media - text, graphics, sound, and motion - included to provide context for the STI Program effort. have beenintegratedthrough digital technology to The STI Program's Multimedia Initiative is discussed deliver a communication experience that dramatically in detaiL Pmallels and differences between multimedia aitexs the way people give and receive information." and waditional infommtion systems project develop- They go on to emphasize the "dawning of the age of ment are highlighted. Challenges faced by the program multimedia - for the people and by the people. In in initiating its multimediaproject are summarized business, govenunent, education, and social realms, along with lessons learned. The paper concludes with a ueraendons brealahmeghs in communication and synopsis of the benefits the program hopes to provide interactive information re_evai are being achieved its users through the introduction of multimedia every day." 4 illustrated by examples of successful multimedia projects. There is no shortage of commentary on how multimedia will revolutionize Ourexistence. The STI Program Multimedia Initiative potential impact of multimedia has been compared individually to that of the personal computer, the NASA's Scientific and TechnicalInformation television and the printingpress.IBM has called (ST1r) Program is responsible for providing "the widest multimedia a revolution in communications that practicable and api_pdate dissemination" of informa- combines the audiovisual power of television, the tion concerning NASA activities and _ results. publishingpower of the printingpressand the interac- However, the current STI Program is based upon a tivepowerof thecomputer. Intclhascalledmultimedia technology infrasmJcun_ assembled in the mid 1960's the marriage of the personal computer and the televito late 1970's. Today, the Program's customers within don that will result in a system that is as realistically NASA are utilizing multimedia in documenting their visual and easy to use as TV, with all the responsivescientific and technical endeavors. Thus, faced with the hess and processing capability of today's most powerful needtocontinue toserve the aerospace community in deslaop computers. Intel goes on to say that today's information environment, NASA°s STI multimedia relxesents a new communications medium Program is currently revamping its products and that will dramatically affect how we process and use services to keep pace with technology. The STI information, and multimedia also represents a major Program Multimedia Initiative is represenmtlve of the business opportunity for those prepared to embrace the Program's re-engineering effort. technology and deliver it into the hands of the users. In fact, multimediatechnologieshave recendy Background converged at a price point that makes multimedia a Since multimedia has become the computer realistic option for scientific, technical and engineering bm_word of the 1990's, most people have heard about information presentation. In acknowledging the evermultimedia, but not everyone has a dea_"idea of what increasing use of multimedia for the presentation of constitutes a multimedia presentation or what benefit information, the STI Program is working to integrate

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multimediatechnologiesintoitsproductsandservices. Within NASA, multimedia infatuation mlion is needed to adequately dcliv scientific and technical infommfion that is rich in pragnuuic content. The whose origin predated that of multimedia, could correctly be described us multimedia. The distinction most often made between older technologies like television and cmTent-day multimedia takes into pragnm_ information aspects might include items such account the fact that multimedia applications can be as data, computer models, scientific visualizations, software, a video record of an experiment, formulae, text, and graphics. Key to adequate dcllvc=y of such information is its integration into a unified multimedia whole from which the user can easily get the infmmadon wanted in the form wanted. Thus, the most obvious beaelit to multimedia information presentation is lhe ability m deliver information in its most effective format so that tbexc are no barriers to information understanding. Terminology In 1978, Nicholas Ncgroponte, a scientist at M1Ts Media Laboratory, envisioned the fusion of the broadcast, print publishing, and computer industries as the direction of future communication. Since then the information industry has loosely used!he texm multimedia to refer to those often computer-driven npplications having a user interface allowing access to unified content including video, audio, photographic images, graphics, numbers, and text. By this definition, early television, which did not employ computer lechnology Table #2 Umbrella Project STI Program Multimedia Initiative classified into several types based upon the user's level of interaction with the appfication. In this way, one realizes that the more advanced forms of multimedia, which allow greater user interaction, require computer suppc_ These computer-supported applications, listed us the interactive and participative application types in Table 1, are those that are most often thought of as multimedia. Table #1 Application Type User Interaction Example Narrative Watch & listen Television Interactive Choose & do Columbus Participative Contribute & British Film create Institute Although the above definitions are precise enough to distinguish between types of multimedia applications, some confusion remains because multimedia and other terms such as hypermedia, intermedia, and Focus: Coordination & tracking of multimedia activities Future: Information set on NASA STI Program multimedia projects Subprolect Subproject Subproject Non-print Global Change Performance Support System Focus: Handling Focus: Grade Focus: Provide multimedia and dissemination 13 and above performance support at of non-print Interactive multimedia presentation of the desktop for STI staff NASA Giobal Change Data and Information (Prototype) Future: In-house Future: Joint Future: Provide multimedia reproduction Govemmerd/ performance support at the facility for Industry project desktop for NASA scientists multiple formats in a specific discipline

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interactive multimedia are often used intca'changnbly, even though an argument can be made to diffenmtiate thc terms based upm their odgiml meaning. For instance, hypermedia was originally thought of as a subset of multimedia that was defin_ by the wesence of a nonhierarchical, nonlinear link stnJctm_. 6 goa Brown University's Institute for Research in Information Scholarship (IRIS) multi-user "hypermedia" system was named"In_" Interactive multimedia originated in the interaative videodisc field as an interactive training tenn. Interactive was used to indicate that the application responds in real time to the user's direction. Although the te_n "multimedia" is used mc_ often than the other terms, tbe 1993 Microsoft International Conference on Multimedia and CD-ROM will be called "Intennedia." Tk ProJect The STI Program Multimedia Initiative is a userdriven umbrella project that currently includes three subprojects.The subwojectsaretheNon-wintProJect, the Global Change Project and the Performance The STI Program Multimedia Initiative wig provide the mechanism for the coordination and tracking of STI Programmultimedia activities. The Multimedia Initiative Project has been defined to support the following STI Program strategic planning , Expandparticipantcommunity. • Improve current operations. • Become integral to NASA Research & Development. I In addition, the Multimedia Initiative recognizes these objectives: • Vez_y the economic and technical feasibility of delivering multimedia information within the sTt Pmgramframewoe,. • Make a positiveeducational andinformational impact. • Developan exploitable capability. All of the Multimedia Initiative projects must Support System. Project relationships and objectives follow standard top-down information projectdeveloparc spelled ontin Table 2. All three projects address ment procedures beginning with a design phase which STI Programareas.'atcan be re-mgineered at reason- includes user requirements. However, in addition to the able cost through the introduction of multimedia to programming and testing and documentation phases provide needed services to the ese"community. commonto infarmationsystems projects, the J IIOCUDENI'AllGM Figure 1. Phases of Multimedia Application Development

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multimedia content may necessitate a production phase during which audio and video are produced or collected. During the design phase, major factors affecting November of 1992. This project will enable the STI Program to effectively handle non-print in an operational Wototype mode in the first quarter of 1993. The Non-wint project followed a standard information system design methodology. User requirements were are analyzed including target audience, gathered through a telephone survey and design decisions setting, and subject. It is in this design phase that the problems involved in current attempts to convey the information are addressed in tea_u of how multimedia can solve the communicafim problem. The setting or where the application will be used is also addressed in terms of where and for how long use_ are likely to interact with the application. During this stage, a frontend analysis document that is similar to a requirements analysis document is produced to guide design decisions. The subject of the application determines the content and drives some of the design decisions such as the resolution necessary for images or the quality level of the audio. The programming, testing, and documentation phases of application design can follow information system development procedures. In addition, the same productionpmccdmcs used by me video indusu'ymay be needed for the video component of the multimedia appficatkm. Since stm3,g, shooting, and editing of video material is alien to most information system specialists, the multiple types of media that must be produced and integrated into a multimedia application necessitate the _ of a project development team with expertise from different disciplines. Accomplishments to Date Although the ST[ Program Multimedia Initiative Project Plan was written in June of 1991, the woject lost an initial battle for scarce wogram resulting in the project's being placed on hold for a period of over one year. The project was revitalized in January of 1992 when it became apparent that the NASA scientific communi W was moving rapidly into multimedia publishing. This led the STI Program to recognize that it needed to rapidly develop a multimedia capabilities base in order to effectively perform its mission of disseminating information. The project plan was updated to reflect currem Ptogrmn direction, and three introdect seblrojects we_ iden_'d and __ Non-PrintProject The Non-print Project was given highest priority and consequently has received the most attention to date. The Non-print Project Plan was finalized in videoteleconferences with an advisory group with NASA-wide representation. The project has been proceeding according to plan and is ahead of projected cvmplelion date for several milestones. The initial focus of the Non-print ProJectisvideomaterial. As a result of this woject, The STI Program's Center for Aerospace Information (CASI) will become the central repository for NASA-produced videos. The CASI will be able to archive and replicate videos for Program users on a mass basis as early as first quarter 1993. The NASA STI Program will provide handling and dissemination of other varieties of non-print on a more limited basis. The Program will also begin to serve as the source for videotapes of NASA Select television programs in 1993. In conjunction with the Non-print Project, STI Program staff members have participated in the CENDI Interagency Standards Working Group for the Handling of Video and Other Non-print STI. This group has recently completed a set of guidelines for non-print information that details items such as minimal acceptable quality, packaging, etc. Performance Support System The Performance Support System Project Plan was completed in January, 1992. The Performance Support System will utilize a rapid prototyping methodology to provide comprehensive information support at the deskmpto STIProgramstaff members. As definedby Gloria Gefy, a peff(mnance support system authority, an eaectronicperformance support system is an integrated electronic environmentthatisavailable to and easily accessible by each staff member and is str_tured to provide immediate,individualizedon-line access to the full range of information, software, guidance, advice and assistance, data, images, took, and assessmerit and monitoring systems to permit job performance with minimal suppo and intervention by others. The STI Pedcrmance Support System project extends this definition to include animated images, full motion video, the pre,sentalion ofinformation from different perspectives, and simulation that can portray and test conflicting theories. This project is currendy entering the design stage where the details of carrying out the project plan will be defined. Central to the concept of the STI Program Perfcrmance Support System is the fact that few people prefer to read text from the current generation of computer screens. Thus, the project 4

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emphasisisbasedon tbe fact that eing images md value to be added by multimediadeliveryofselected hearing sounds is the natural way for people to receive global change infm'mafion.The follow-on phase could information. 1"hisproject will provide an initial proof- address a comwebe_ive globalchangesystemthatwill of-cocgept for delivery of multimedia information to benefituniversitystudmtsandprofessionalresearchers. users within the STI Program framework. The timeline Thisprojectwouldutilizea globalchangecontent for the project will begin after the revival of the advisor and us outreach specialists in addidon to the development hardware and software that will be regular project team members. Discussions with discussed later. A later phase oftbe project will extend indust_ multimedia developers who have expressed the initial prototype to provide performance SUl_On for inter_ in a joint venture for this project ale underway. NASA scientists in a specific discipline. The discipline ofchoicewillbe determinedinconjunction with the STI Program User's Group. Multimedia Project Development Team The NASA STI Program Multimedia Project GlobalChange Project Development Team to date includes two individuals with expertise in video production, one individual with The NASA STIProgramGlobalChangeProjectis graphics production expertise, one withcommunicathenewestoftheSTIProgramMultimediaInitiative tionsand marketing expertise, and one with project projects.The currentproJectactivityiscenteredupon management and computer programmingexpertise. userdiscussionsand developmentofa comwehensive Althoughoneoftenreadsofthedifficultymultimedia project plan. Although this project is still on the projectteamshave in communicatingwith each oth_, drawing board, it also has the grealest poumtial for this has not beea a problem thus far. However, it is benefit through multimedia information delivery. interesting to note the vastly different perspectives that is because global change data includes ents the team members bring to the effort that clearly arises Dom multiple instruments both simultaneously and over fromthedifferentdisciplinesandbusinesscultures time. Researchezs say that these disparate data each from which they come. As is often the case, the video revealsome aspect of a physical phenomenon. Further people clearly emphasize content, which is of primary study of suchdatamay involvecombiningthedatawith importaw,e in a multimedia g_pik.afion, whereas the empirical models or numerical simulations. In addition, comlmtm"pmgrmmner may be overheard mentioning correlative data analysis both implies looking at time-based video data. The group is working to make different data sets in the same way and requires their diffc_ringbackgrounds an asset to the projectso multiple ways to study the same or different data. that they can pull togeth to deliver effective STI Visualization of earth science data suchasglobal Program multimedia applications. changedatasetspmvid_ theresearcherwitha key to understanding multiparameter data sets. v Such information can be further enhanced through the use of multimedia. Rather than viewing one or several videos, dealingwith simulationsoftware,viewing images and Clmllen_es As with most new information technology applicathe NASA STI Program Multimedia Initiative is dam, and reading a teclmical relx_ the research_ can facing a number of difficult challenges that can impact be presented with the infot_aation as a unified whole the success ofthe projecL To date, some of the through the use of multimedia. Alternately, as technol- challenges have been ovew,ome, but others still present ogy advartcus, the researcher could be provided with a difficulty. comprehensive fully immersive virtual reality system. Cultural and Organizational The STI Program Global Change projects goal is to provide global change information in multimedia The most immediate challenge to the inuxxluction format to university level and beyond w_earcher_ The of multimedia technology into the STI Program was project concept is based on the premise that multimedia encouate_! at the Multimedia Initiative project's birth. can add value and foster understanding of global In order to begin work on the project after it was change data. In addition, the huge volume of global _ the project had m be markea_d wimin changeinformationavailablecanbe made more the 5"1'IProgram because staff who were oriented to accessible to _ through an easily navigable work with patx='-based information needed to reconmultimedia user interface. Tbe lust phase of this sider their job functions. Staff members ran the gamut project will deliver a Woaxyl_ multimedia global from early adopters of new technology to those who changeinformation system that will demousuate the wm not yet truly comformbie wilh the oft"_ automa-

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tion network that had been introduced several years ago. In the middle was a large group that was quite comfortable with the way things were and was not able to see the value of committing program resources to something that appeared to be a futuristic technology l_c multimedia. The _ efforts at markcting the Multimedia Initiative internally did not succeed end the resources necessary to go forward with the woject were not allocated. However, the early Multimedia Initiative staff members were confident that multimedia technology would be required by the Program in the short-term and condnued to make the case. Eventually after muldple documents, confctcw, e lXesentadons, and attemptsatrobustcost-benefitanalyses, the project appeared to be gaining momentum. The real keys m gaining staff support were ptqesenmdons from several NASA Centersshowingthattheyweremovinginto also addressing compatibility issues. However,in today's marketplace, the purchaser of multimedia equipment cannot expect to play applications developed on other systems. Them has been a history of the suc-ce.ssful porting of applicalions by developers Dora MAC to PC, and there are a few interactive multimedia application authoring systems that facilitate such transfea',but in the cune_t marketplace, one cannot expect to interchange multimedia infornmtion. The standards issue became a major challenge for the STI Program MultimeAia Initiative because lack of standards meant that the development platform choice would also dictate the delivery platform choice. Results of the NASA STI Program user survey indicated that providing initial applications that could run on both Macintosh systems (MACs) andIBM orIBM compatiblePersonalComputerSystems(PCs)wouldbe multimedian_dly coupledwitha demonsuationofthe for the Program user community,withlater very s_ multimedia application, "Columbus." development planned to be available on SUN systems Theseilems marked a turning pointandduringthenext as welL Although the staff developed a capabilities budget iteration, limited funding was made available for matrix f_" the systems available at the time, the the project. As the MultimediaInitiative and its subwojects have progressed, the availability of project implementalion plans and standard information system life cycle documentation fitting the design framework reference impmlant issue of which system would gain the most users ov_ time could not be _ because there wasno way topredictwithcertaintywhich competing mulfimeAia format would become the de facto standard. Even so, lhe STIProgramdevelopment platform was chosen showy after the project was revitalized in Multimedia January of 1992, At that time, there were multiple model has served tolendcredibility tothe presence multimedia platform development choices,some of Initiativesuiteofprojects.Itisasthoughem of familiar documentation made these somewhat unfamiliar projects acceptable to traditional system designers. Standards There is currently no standard for multimedia since it is the blending of many different technologies provided by a diverse group of vendors fzom the very differeat market areas of computers and home elecuonks. Howcvcz, the Interactive Multimedia Association (IMA) beganan InteractiveMultimediaAssociation Committee Compatibility Project in 1988 to develop recommendations that would permit multimedia applications portability across a variety of hardware/ software platforms. The committee began by focusing on interactive video applications in the MS-DOS environment with the objective of later exlmndin 8 their initiatives to other operating systems and multimedia technologies. The IMA Compeu'oility Project has formed a number of committees to address specific compau'oility issues. 3 Other groups inch as the Institute of Electronic and Electrical Engineers ComputingSociety(IEEF.S)are r which were geared toward vm'y different end-us markets. Apple had not yet released its QuickTune extension to the Macintosh system software, and the Motion Picture Experts Group (MPEG) compression standard was still being defined. New product releases and product retiremmts were the o_kr of the day. In the eyes of the Multimedia Initiative project staff members who were choosing the system components, a more volatile marketplace would be impossible to fred. Inspiteofthevolatile marketplace and the lackof standards,theMultimediaInitiativestaffappfied a modifiedve_ion of the High TechnologyMan- Machine Performance Evaluation Plan (HTPE), developed at Lawrence Live_ore National Laboratory, to the multimedia hardwareJsoftwafe selection process and made a recommendation that specific hardware and software be procured initially with latex procurements to follow as the marketplw.e settled. The initial hardware and softwm'e chosen is minimal but fits within the bedset and is being _ with Ihe understanding emt an additional procurement will come later. In several cases, hardware or software has been retiredor superseded by newer products. In sw,h instances, the replacement item is presented in the table. All compoheats will not necessarily res/de on the same computer.

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Table #3 Application velopmmt wouldbe I¢Ipedby allowing team members toshax¢componentsofthedevelopment STI Program Multimedia Components system. Aldmugh netwoddng multimedia at the Local AxcaNetwork(LAN) levelhasbeenaccomplishedby Hardware Key Software groupssuchasStarlightNetwork,s,theSTI Prooam's LAN is builtupon segmentsandsh¢,l Apple Quadra 950 Macromind Suite of bandwidth.The cutoutsystemcannotsupportmultiple with 32 Mb RAM, Products including streamsofvideoinformation.Althoughtheproject 2 Mb VRAM, 1.2 Gb Director, Accelerator, team c_m develop initial applications without benefit of External Hard Disk 3-D, Mediamaker, etc. network information exchange, the success of the Performance Support System will hinge upon the System 7.0 abilitytodelivertheinformationovertheLAN. Since QuickTime thec_t LAN is scheduledto be replaced in the next year,networkedmultimedia may be in the STI Raster Ops "Authorware Professional Program's future. Although not mentioned previously, 24 Bit Monitor a key m successful ne_voAing is comlxession of video dam. Even with a 50:.1 comlxesdonratio,deliveryof NEC Adobe Premiere 24 bit color at 30 fi'ames per second (NTSC full motion Double-Speed video) requires a 15 Mbit/sec bandwidth. If multiple CD-ROM Drive usersrequirevideoinformation, theLAN mustbe able tosuplmrttheaggregatebandwidth.LANs now have Raster Ops Expresso greater bandwidth than available wide area networks. Professional Slide TI, for inslance, has a bandwidth of 1.544 Mbits/sec. Scanner Although the Multimedia Initiative would like to deliver multimedia information over wick area net- New Video EyeQ works, it appears that the Initiative will have to wait for Capture/ the National Research and Educadon Network (NREN) Delivew System m accomplish this. vueospigot IntellectualPropertyRights NEC PC VCR The ST[ Program Multimedia Initiative will Kodak Digital Camera heavily u"tdizeNASA and odmr C_vez_ment-produced System infommlion resources that are not copyrighted. So, intellectual property rights are not likely to present as MacSpeakem great a problem as for ode involved in multimedia. The Initiative must still deal with the fact that copyright * Chosenfor applicationportabilitybetweenMac & PC lawsapply to visuals, sound, software, and any other flint belongs tosomeom else.The procedures for gaining rights to material such as video clipsor mu_c differfromthoseofsoftwareandprintpubllcaibm. Alsothereissome questionastod¢ scopeofd¢ As this paperis written, tie long-awaitedsystem rights once granted. Do the fights extend to"publicacornpm_ts m'ejust beginning m Krive at the ST[ tion" in a multimedia application? Questionsregarding Programofl'ces. The earlier observationabout,the intellectual property rights and multimedia are just volatility of the marketplace has been realized since be_nnmg to be addressee According to COMDEX/ most major system components have been replaced Fall '91 "Intellectual Property: Issues and Challenges in with newer items over the course of the procmcmcnL Multimedia" session panelist, _ Davis ITI, "Every lime a new technologycomes along, there's a Networkin_Multimedia period of 10 m 15 years with litigation. It hat.ned with movies. There was a whole series of cases when The MultimediaInitiativeprojectteamrecognizes "IV came along, then cable TV; now with videodiscs the need to provide networked multimedia applications. and CD. "5

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The Vislon The STI Program Multimedia Initiafive's goal is to have the NASA users gain the benefits that multimedia information delivery c_m provide. While we have discussed the advantages of a unified inte_ace to multiple types of information, the ability to present information from different persp_fives, the ability to 3mbine data with empirical models or numerical simulations, and other benefits, the Program alizes that the Multimedia Initiative staff cannot anticipate all of the ways through which a multimedia information provide au:ess to isrge databases of visml and andio infmmation on a LAN. IBM's "Columbus: A Journey to Discovery" is better seen than discussed. However, we will present a brief summary here for those who will not have an oppommity to view the application. Columbus is the first in IBIWs Discovere Series. IBM descn'bes the DiscoversSeriesof programs as "seeking to provide navigational tools that allow teachers and students to explore interrelated malefials from large databases of information." 2 IBM developed Columbus in conjuncdelivery system can be used to incmtse the effective- tim with Robert Abel of SynapseTechnologies. This hess of information dei/very to researchers within NASA and other orgnnizatkms. That is why the Initiative is using the rapid pmtotyplng method of development. This h will allow our users to perticipate in our multimedia systems design through use and evaluation of the prototypes that will feed d_ign changes. Thus, the details of our "Multimedia Initiative Vision" will be defined in an evolutionary fashion by our users. In closing, there are some successful multimedia applications that we would like to share to allow you to make a personal t of the poUmfial for multimedia. To date, there are not many scientific and technical information applications of multimedia. However, one application of note is the Arctk Dam Interactive (ADD CD-ROM prototype. ADI was produced by the U.S. Geok Survey (USGS) and includes data provided by Don Cavalieri of NASA Goddard. USGS calls this application a promtYI hypermedia system. ADI includes animation and sold but no full motion video. The ADI disc was lnxxiuced by the U.S. Geological Survey to stimulate discussion on new and innovative methods for disseminating global change data and information. It is a compendium of interdisciplinary information end data on the Arc_c regiou. We acquired this disc in researching our Multimedia Initiative's Global Change Project. There me many other multimedia applications that should be simted. We will mention a few of the many applications that cut across disciplines. There is the interactive disc on the Gulf War titled "Desert Storm" that was produced by a joint venture between Wam New Media and T'tme nmgazine. There ase also several major applications supImcted by IBM including "Ulysses," "Hamlet,""MartinLutherKing,"the "DeclarationofIndependence,"andthe"American Indians."The SmithsonianInstitutionhasbeea working on a netwoAed educational multimedia application called "Classrooms Without Walls." It will multimedia application includes 180 hours of interacfive material According to Robert Abel, the program is not only about Columbus, but "it uses Columbus as a metaphor for a changing view of the universe." 2 According to Paul Evans of IBM, Columbus provides multiple points of view on its content and demonstrates "the complex inte_.onnectedm_s of knowledge."2 In considering this application, you can see some of the advantages of multimedia presentation. Join us in our vision by extending this application of technology to see the potential for multimedia in the incw_h'bly rich un/vefse of scientific and technical information. References l* A Strategic Direction. NASA Scientific and Technical Information Program, Washington, D.C. 1991. 2. "IBM Presents Columbus and the Classics." Multimedia & Videod_cMonitor, May, 1991. 3. "IMA CompatibilityProjectProceedings." Volume I,IssueI. September,1991. . "lnvision Multimedia Awards 1993 Call for Enlries." New Media: Multimedia Technologies for Desktop Computer Users. November, 1992. . "Tmeractive Multimedia White Paper: Promise and PiO_alls." Knowledge Industry Publications, Inc. 1991. . Osborn, Hugh. "Media Computers, Motivation, and Informal Education:Gutenberg 20007" Learning withlnteractiw Multimedia: Developing and UsingMultimedia Tools in Education. Microsoft Press, Redmond, Washington. 1990. . Treinish, Lloyd. "Conelafive Data Analysis in the Earth Sciences." IEEE Computer Graphics & Applications, May, 1992.

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PAGE Form Approved OMB No. 0704-01U REPORTDOCUMENTATION 2. REPORT DATE 3. REPORT TYPE AND DATES COVERED L.AGENCY USE ONLY (I_we I_auk) January 1993 4._ ANDSO'BTrP_J_ NASA Scientificand TechnicalInformationProgram MultimediaInitiative 6.AEFHOR(S) G. Cotterand K. Kaye 7.PERFORM/NO ORGANIZATION NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES) NASA Headquarters 9. SPONSORING/MONITORING AGENCY NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES) TechnicalMemorandum 5. FUNDINGNUMBERS 8.PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NUMBER I0. SPONSOR/NO/MONITORING AGENCY NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION REPORT NUMBER WASHINGTON, DC 20546 II. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES 12a. DISTRIBUTION/AVAILABILrrY STATEMENT UNCLASSIFIED - UNLIMITED SUBJECT CATEGORY 82 13.ABSTRACT (maxbmum2OOworda) TM-108982 12b. DISTRmUTION CODE This paperrelates the experienceofthe NASA Scientific and TechnicalInformationProgram in introducingmultimediawithinthe STI Programframework. A discussionofmultimediatechnologyis includedto providecontextforthe STI Programeffort. The STI Program'sMultimedia Initiativeis discussedin detail. Parallelsand differencesbetween multimediaand traditional informationsystemsprojectdevelopmentare highlighted.Challengesfaced bythe program in initiatingitsmultimediaprojectare summarizedalongwith lessonsieamed. The paperconcludeswith a synopsisof the benefitsthe programhopesto provideitsusersthrough the introduction of multimediaillustratedby examples of successfulmultimedia projects. 14. SUB/ECr TERMS multimedia, information 15. NUMBER OF PAGES 16, PRICE CODE C3.ASSIFICATION 19.SECURITY CLASSIFICATION 20. LIMITATION OF ABSTRACT 17.SECURITY CLASSIFICATION l& SECURITY OF REPORT OF THIS PAGE UNCI.ASS UNCLASS OF ABSTRACT UNCLASS UNLIMITED Available from NASA Center for AeroSpace Information (301) 621-0390

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