Taxonomy

Species list of Hexatoma (Eriocera) plumbicincta group recorded in China

Hexatoma (Eriocera) chrysomela (Edwards, 1921).

Hexatoma (Eriocera) guangxiensis sp. nov.

Hexatoma (Eriocera) sincera Alexander, 1942.

Key to species of the group Hexatoma (Eriocera) plumbicincta from China

1 | Wing with cells Rs and M extensively dark brown; a whitish-hyaline, oblique, medial stripe, starting from vein R and ending at vein CuA (Alexander 1942: 183) | Hexatoma (Eriocera) sincera
– | Wing with cells Rs and M extensively yellow; a whitish-hyaline, oblique, medial stripe, starting from vein Rs and ending at vein CuA (Figs 1A, 2C, 3D, 6B) | 2
2 | Femur brownish black (Figs 1A, 2A–D, 3B); cells CuP and A1 paler yellow basally, becoming darker distally (Figs 1A, 2C, 3D); male terminalia orangish yellow; ninth tergite with a deep, triangular incision at concavity; interbase rod-shaped, uniform in width, slightly curved dorsad at apex; paramere fan-shaped in lateral view; aedeagal apodeme laterally fan-shaped (Fig. 4) | Hexatoma (Eriocera) chrysomela
– | Femur yellow at basal third, with posterior margin more blackish brown (Fig. 6A); basal third of cells CuA, CuP, and A1 more greyish yellow, approaching dark brown distally (Fig. 6B); male terminalia reddish brown; ninth tergite with a U-shaped concavity; interbase relatively straight, elongate-conical, basal part thick, gradually tapering toward apex; paramere subpentagonal in lateral view; aedeagal apodeme subtriangular in lateral view (Fig. 7) | Hexatoma (Eriocera) guangxiensis sp. nov.

Hexatoma (Eriocera) chrysomela

(Edwards, 1921)

09F2D7B3-BF4D-5310-B9D2-88DE6AF5E1DC

Figs 1, 2, 3, 4, 5

• Eriocera chrysomelaEdwards, 1921: 88.
• Hexatoma (Eriocera) chrysomela—Alexander, 1937: 389; Alexander and Alexander 1973: 143; Men and Yu 2015: 164; Li et al. 2023: 774.

Type material examined.

China • holotype ♂; Hong Kong; 1861; J.C. Bowring leg.; BMNH(E) # 247537, NHMUK010397669 • syntype 1♀; Hong Kong; 1995; det. J.E. Chainey leg.; NHMUK.

Additional material examined.

China • 3♂♂, 2♀♀; Fujian, Jiangle; 10 October 1985; Liqin Zhang leg.; CAU Limn: 129167**–129171; genitalia dissected • 1♂; Guizhou, Shiqian, Jinxing Village; 21 July 1988; Yijun Wang leg.; CAU: Limn: 129172 • 1♂; Fujian, Fuzhou, Cangshan District, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University; 12 October 1985; Mingbing Lu leg.; CAU Limn: 129173; genitalia dissected • 1♀; Guangdong, Shixing, Chebaling; 10–12 July 2003; Xingyue Liu leg.; CAU Limn: 129174; genitalia dissected • 1♂ (in alcohol); Guangdong, Zengcheng, Nankunshan National Forest Park; 14–15 July 2003; Xingyue Liu leg.; CAU Limn: 129175 • 1♂ (in alcohol); Guangdong, Shaoguan; 18 July 2003; Xingyue Liu leg.; CAU Limn: 129176 • 1♂ (in alcohol); Guangdong, Longmen, Nankunshan National Forest Park; 1 April 2005; Bo Wang leg.; CAU Limn: 129177 • 1♀ (in alcohol); Guangxi, Huaping, Cujiangzhan; 21 August 2020; Jiuzhou Liu leg.; CAU Limn: 129178 • 1♀ (in alcohol); Hunan, Chengbu, Baimaoping Town, Houjiazhai; 8 September 2020; Qicheng Yang leg.; CAU Limn: 129179 • 1♂1♀ (in alcohol); Guangdong, Shixing, Chebaling; 20 October 2020; Ding Yang & Hui Dong leg.; CAU Limn: 129180–**129181; genitalia dissected • 1♂ (in alcohol); Guangxi, Fuchuan, Xiayuandong Village; 14 August 2021; Xiaodong Cai leg.; CAU Limn: 129182; genitalia dissected.

Diagnosis.

Head and thorax velvet-black; femur brownish black; wing with yellow area extending from base beyond mid-length of wing; cells CuP and A1 basally pale yellow, distally becoming darker; male terminalia orangish yellow; ninth tergite with posterior margin strongly concave, with a deep triangular incision at concavity, width approximately half that of terminalia; aedeagus extremely long, ventrally bent over and almost U-shaped, somewhat flattened at middle, strongly sclerotised at base (dorsally), distally more slender, with numerous short setae on distal (ventral) section, tip slender; interbase rod-shaped, uniform in width, with a triangular process at base, slightly curved dorsad at apex and apex obtuse, rounded; paramere flattened, fan-shaped in lateral view; aedeagal apodeme flattened, laterally fan-shaped, about ½ size of paramere.

Redescription.

Male. Body length 17.2–19.6 mm, wing length 14.8–15.8 mm, antenna length 3.2–3.4 mm (n = 11).

Head (Figs 1A, 2A, 2B, 2D, 3A, 3B) velvet-black with blackish-grey setae. Antenna 7-segmented, brownish black, scape cylindrical, pedicel short, flagellomeres cylindrical with short verticils; rostrum and palpus brownish black with black setae; vertex tubercle small with a forward-facing tip.

Figure 1.: Habitus of Hexatoma (Eriocera) chrysomela. A. Male; B. Female.

Figure 2.: Hexatoma (Eriocera) chrysomela, type specimens, NHMUK. A. Male habitus, lateral view (holotype); B. Male habitus, dorsal view (holotype); C. Male wing (holotype); D. Male head and thorax, dorsal view (holotype); E. Terminalia, ventral view (holotype); F. Female habitus, dorsal view (syntype); G. Male habitus, dorsal view (holotype).

Figure 3.: Hexatoma (Eriocera) chrysomela. A. Male head and thorax, dorsal view; B. Male habitus, lateral view; C. Female habitus, lateral view; D. Male wing. Scale bars: 1.0 mm.

Thorax (Figs 1A, 2A, 2B, 2D, 3A, 3B) velvet-black with blackish grey setae. Legs: coxa and trochanter velvet-black, with dense, blackish-grey setae; femur brownish black, with posterior margin become blacker and thicker; tibia and tarsus black, with brownish-black setae. Wing with surface multicoloured (Figs 1A, 2C, 3D), with a yellow area extending from base beyond mid-length of wing; cells CuP and A1 pale yellow basally, becoming darker distally; whitish hyaline, oblique medial stripe, starting from vein Rs and ending at vein CuA; small, indistinct, pale-yellow spot in cell R1; tip of wing with a large, whitish-hyaline stripe around R4, originating at R3 and terminating at M1, length of spot equal to that of M1. Venation: R2+3 a little longer than R2; R2+3+4 approximately 2 times as long as R2; M1 approximately 2 times as long as M1+2; m-cu at outer end of cell dm. Halter velvet-blackish brown.

Abdomen (Figs 1A, 2A, 2B, 3B) with short, blackish-grey setae. First segment velvet-black; segments 2–5 elongate, base shining black, middle with pruinosity, tip velvet-black; segments 6–7 velvet-black, relatively short; segment 8 orangish yellow, very short.

Male terminalia (Figs 1A, 2E, 4) orangish yellow, with dense brownish setae. Ninth tergite short, posterior margin strongly concave, with a deep, triangular incision at concavity, width approximately half that of terminalia (Fig. 4A). Gonocoxite nearly triangular, basally broad, tip narrowed, and with dense setae; inner side of gonocoxite with darkened, triangular extension (Fig. 4A, B). Clasper of gonostylus slender, tapering to acute apex, with terminal spine decurved (Fig. 4C). Lobe of gonostylus short, stout, and with dense setae along ventral margin; apex rounded. Aedeagus extremely long, bent over ventrally and almost U-shaped, somewhat flattened at middle, elongated at base (dorsally), more slender distally, with numerous short setae on distal (ventral) section, tip slender (Fig. 4D–F). Interbase rod-shaped, uniform in width, with a triangular process at base, slightly curved dorsad at apex, apex obtuse and rounded. Paramere flattened, fan-shaped in lateral view. Aedeagal apodeme flattened, fan-shaped laterally, about ½ size of paramere (Fig. 4D–F).

Figure 4.: Male terminalia of Hexatoma (Eriocera) chrysomela. A. Terminalia, dorsal view; B. Terminalia, ventral view; C. Clasper of gonostylus and lobe of gonostylus, dorsal view; D. Aedeagal complex, dorsal view; E. Aedeagal complex, lateral view; F. Aedeagal complex, ventral view. Abbreviations: 7s = seventh sternite; 7t = seventh tergite; 8s = eighth sternite; 8t = eighth tergite; 9s = ninth sternite; 9t = ninth tergite; goncx = gonocoxite; cgonst = clasper of gonostylus; lgonst = lobe of gonostylus; interb = interbase; aed = aedeagus; pm = paramere; aa = aedeagal apodeme. Scale bars: 1 mm (A, B), 0.2 mm (C–F).

Female. Body length 19.3**–25.4 mm, wing length 15.8–**18.6 mm, antenna length 3.1–3.4 mm (n = 7). Female generally resembling male by body colouration (Figs 1B, 2F, 3C).

Female terminalia (Fig. 5). Terminal segments from the eighth posteriorly orangish yellow, with brownish setae, nearly 1/4 as long as abdomen. Cercus orange, 1.5 times as long as tenth tergite, upcurved on distal part. Hypogynial valve orange, distal part yellow; hypogynial valve more than twice as long as eighth sternite, almost straight, tip ending at near level of 2/3 of cercus.

Figure 5.: Female terminalia of Hexatoma (Eriocera) chrysomela. A. Ovipositor, dorsal view; B. Ovipositor, lateral view; C. Ovipositor, ventral view. Abbreviations: 7s = seventh sternite; 7t = seventh tergite; 8s = eighth sternite; 8t = eighth tergite; 9t = ninth tergite; 10t = tenth tergite; ce = cercus; hy = hypogynial valve. Scale bars: 1 mm.

Distribution.

China (Fig. 8): Fujian (Fuzhou; Jiangle; Liung-chon-san), Guangdong (Longmen; Shixing), Guangxi (Fuchuan; Huaping), Guizhou (Shiqian), Hong Kong, Hunan (Chengbu), Jiangxi (Hong San).

Remarks.

This species is reported for the first time from Guangxi, Guizhou, and Hunan provinces.

Hexatoma (Eriocera) guangxiensis

Zhang & Yang sp. nov.

3812FFC5-3E3F-5960-B05B-A8064016E7F8

https://zoobank.org/9A572851-F87C-4FFD-B776-8840BDAA20D2

Figs 6, 7

Type material.

Holotype: China • ♂; Guangxi, Pingxiang; 11 May 1963; Jikun Yang leg.; CAU Limn: 129183; genitalia dissected.

Paratypes: China • 1♂; Guangxi, Pingxiang; 11 May 1963; Jikun Yang leg.; CAU Limn: 129184; genitalia dissected • 1♂; Guangxi, Pingxiang, Xiashi Town; 7 May 1963; Jikun Yang leg.; CAU Limn: 129185 • 1♂; Yunnan, Hekou, Nanxi Town; 17 May 2006; Jianxin Cui and Junhua Zhang leg.; CAU Limn: 129186; genitalia dissected.

Diagnosis.

Head velvet-black; thorax velvet-blackish brown; femur yellow on basal third and posterior margin more blackish brown and thicker; wing with yellow area extending from base beyond mid-length of wing; basal third of cells CuA, CuP and A1 more greyish yellow, approaching dark brown distally; male terminalia reddish brown; aedeagus extremely long, bent over ventrally almost U-shaped, somewhat thicker at middle, strongly sclerotised at base (dorsally), distally more slender and with numerous short setae on distal (ventral) section; interbase relatively straight, elongate-conical, basal part thick, gradually tapering toward apex, with a triangular process at base, apex obtuse and rounded; paramere flattened, subpentagonal in lateral view; aedeagal apodeme flattened, subtriangular in lateral view.

Description.

Male. Body length 18.2**–25.3 mm, wing length 13.3–**18.5 mm, antenna length 3.2–3.8 mm (n = 4).

Head (Fig. 6A) velvet-black with blackish-grey setae. Antenna 7-segmented, blackish brown; scape cylindrical; pedicel short; flagellomeres cylindrical, with short verticils; rostrum and palpus blackish brown, with black setae; vertex tubercle small, with a forward-facing tip.

Figure 6.: Hexatoma (Eriocera) guangxiensis sp. nov. A. Male holotype, lateral view; B. Wing. Scale bars: 1 mm.

Thorax (Fig. 6A) velvet-blackish brown, with blackish-grey setae. Legs: coxa velvet-blackish brown; trochanter dark brown, with dense, blackish-grey setae; femur yellow on basal 1/3, posterior margin becoming more blackish brown and thicker; tibia and tarsus dark, with brownish-black setae. Wing with surface multicoloured (Fig. 6B); yellow area extending from base beyond mid-length of wing; basal third of cells CuA, CuP, and A1 more greyish yellow, approaching dark brown distally; a whitish-hyaline, oblique stripe medially, starting from vein Rs and ending at vein CuA; small, whitish-hyaline spot in cell R1, originating at R and terminating at R5; tip of wing with a big, whitish-hyaline stripe around R4, originating at R3 and terminating at R5, length of spot equal to that of M2. Venation: R2+3 as long as R2; R2+3+4 approximately 1.5 times as long as R2+3; M1 approximately 2 times as long as M1+2; m-cu at outer end of cell dm. Halter velvet-brownish grey.

Abdomen (Fig. 6A) with short, blackish-grey setae. First segment velvet-black; segments 2–5 elongate, base shining black, middle with pruinosity, tip velvet-black; segments 6–7 velvet-black, relatively short; segment 8 reddish brown, very short.

Male terminalia (Fig. 7) reddish brown, with dense, brownish setae. Ninth tergite short, posterior margin with strong, U-shaped concavity, width approximately 1/3 of terminalia (Fig. 7A). Gonocoxite triangular; base of gonocoxite wider; inner side of gonocoxite with triangular extension; tip with dense, stout setae; end of gonocoxite relatively narrow (Fig. 7A, B). Clasper of gonostylus slender, tapering to acute apex; terminal spine decurved (Fig. 7C). Lobe of gonostylus short and stout, with dense setae along margin; apex rounded (Fig. 7C). Aedeagus extremely long, bent over ventrally almost U-shaped, somewhat thicker in the middle, strongly sclerotised at base (dorsally), distally more slender, with numerous short setae on distal (ventral) section; tip thicker (Fig. 7D–F). Interbase relatively straight, elongate-conical, basal part thick, gradually tapering toward apex, with a triangular process at base, apex obtuse and rounded. Paramere flattened, subpentagonal in lateral view. Aedeagal apodeme flattened, subtriangular in lateral view, approximately 1/3 the size of paramere (Fig. 7D–F).

Figure 7.: Male terminalia of Hexatoma (Eriocera) guangxiensis sp. nov. A. Terminalia, dorsal view; B. Terminalia, ventral view; C. Clasper of gonostylus and lobe of gonostylus, dorsal view; D. Aedeagal complex, dorsal view; E. Aedeagal complex, lateral view; F. Aedeagal complex, ventral view. Scale bars: 1 mm (A, B), 0.2 mm (C–F).

Female. Unknown.

Distribution.

China (Fig. 8): Guangxi (Pingxiang), Yunnan (Hekou).

Figure 8.: Worldwide distribution of Hexatoma (Eriocera) chrysomela, H. (E.) guangxiensis sp. nov., and H. (E.) sincera.

Etymology.

This species is named after Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, where its type locality is situated.

Remarks.

The new species is very similar to H. (E.) chrysomela in having similar body colouration and wing venation, but it can be separated by the following: femur yellow on basal third andposterior margin more blackish brown; basal third of cells CuA, CuP, and A1 more greyish yellow, approaching dark brown distally (Fig. 6). In H. (E.) chrysomela, the femur is brownish black; cells CuP and A1 are basally pale yellow but darker distally (Figs 1A, 2A–D, 3B, 3D). Both species can be also separated by the features of male genitalia. In H. (E.) guangxiensis sp. nov., male terminalia are reddish brown, the ninth tergite has a U-shaped concavity; the interbase is relatively straight, elongate-conical, with the basal part thick, and gradually tapering toward apex; the paramere is subpentagonal in lateral view; the aedeagal apodeme is subtriangular in lateral view, approximately 1/3 of the size of the paramere (Fig. 7). In H. (E.) chrysomela, male terminalia are orangish yellow; the ninth tergite has a deep, triangular incision at a concavity; the interbase is rod-shaped, uniform in width, and slightly curved dorsad at the apex; the paramere is fan-shaped in lateral view; and the aedeagal apodeme is fan-shaped laterally, about ½ of the size of the paramere (Fig. 4).

Hexatoma (Eriocera) sincera

Alexander, 1942

D4432A52-163F-5A1A-ADE4-A5E80AB0BC49

• Hexatoma (Eriocera) sinceraAlexander, 1942: 182.
• Hexatoma (Eriocera) sincera: Alexander & Alexander, 1973: 153; Men and Yu 2015: 164.

Diagnosis.

Body length 14 mm, wing length 12.5 mm, antenna length 3.5 mm (Alexander 1942: 182). Head velvet-black; thorax uniformly opaque velvet-black; femur dark brown; wing with dark-brown ground colour; base of wing 1/6 yellow; cells C and Sc yellow; wing with a whitish-hyaline, oblique stripe medially, starting from vein R and ending at vein CuA; apex with a small, whitish-hyaline stripe around R4, length of spot equal to that of m-cu; R2+3 a little longer than R2; R2+3+4 a little longer than R2+3; M1 approximately 1.5 times as long as M1+2; m-cu at outer end of cell dm (Alexander 1942: 178, fig. 4); abdomen opaque black; segments 2–5, inclusive, with heavily light-grey-pruinose basal rings, especially heavy on distal portion; pruinose area including not more than ½ total length of segment; sternites with basal rings more plumbeous and glabrous rather than pruinose; hypopygium and preceding segment orange (Alexander 1942: 183).

Distribution.

China (Fig. 8): Yunnan (Yunnan-fu).