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NASA Technical Memorandum 108474 Guidelines for Qualifying and Verification Materials D. Webb Marshall Space Flight Center • MSFC, Alabama National Aeronautics and Space Administration Marshall Space Flight Center • MSFC, Alabama 35812 Cleaning January 1995
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TABLE OF CONTENTS Page ......................................................................................................................... 1 INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................................................. 1 APPROACH ......................................................................................... 2 PRELIMINARY CONSIDERATIONS 2 QUALIFICATION PROCESS CHECKPOINTS .......................................................................... .......................................................................................................... 3 SUMMARY/DISCUSSION JftHECBOiN F'_GE BL=ARK NO- FILMEL _ °.° 111
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TECHNICAL MEMORANDUM GUIDELINES FOR QUALIFYING CLEANING AND VERIFICATION MATERIALS INTRODUCTION Because of increased environmental awareness, chemicals used in cleaning and cleanliness verification processes must be reevaluated and replaced as necessary. Many of the chemicals historically used in these processes are now being phased out due to their adverse environmental impact, i.e., ozone depletion, ground water and air pollution potentials. Selection and qualification of a material (chemical) as a cleaning and/or cleanliness verification media necessitates a systematic approach to assure that all technical issues are addressed in a comprehensive manner. This document is intended to serve as a guide in this selection/qualification process. Narrative portions of this document clarify the use of the enclosed matrix and define the terms used. APPROACH The first step in the down-select/qualification process is to establish the cleaning related process being addressed. The list of candidates are enumerated in the left column of figure 1. Cleaning processes addressed are categorized as follows: General Cleaning--Removal of manufacturing contaminants; for example, mill oils/debris, handling stains, and marking inks for general fabrication/processing. This category includes precleaning for the categories to be described. Cleaning for Adhesive Bonding--Removal of surface oxides and contaminants to facilitate formation of chemical bonds upon application of heat and pressure (primary bonding) or upon application of adhesives (secondary bonding). Precision Cleaning---Cleaning of an object to be used in a critical application and for which cleanliness must be quantitatively verified. Fuel/Pneumatics---Cleaning of objects to be used in fuel or pneumatic applications--quantitative particulate determination is required. Electronic Applications---Cleaning of objects to a level adequate to permit soldering and to facilitate adhesion of conformal coating, potting, or staking materials. Wire, Cables. and Harnesses---Cleaning of wire bundles with or without insulation and/or connectors. Hydraulics---Cleaning of objects to be used in hydraulic applications---qualitative cleanliness generally required with additional requirements for quantitative particle count for critical flight applications.
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D.p..fi.._---Cleaning of minors, windows, lens, or optical coatings which require removal of all contaminants without chemical/static residue or surface etching. The matrix, shown in figure 1, identifies, in the top row, relevant issues and considerations normally encountered in selection of a candidate cleaning chemical. The dot notation correlates process with issue and provides the user with a checklist requiring consideration during the qualification process. It is the responsibility of the user to prioritize the identified issues and to determine the method(s) and criteria required to satisfy these requirements. PRELIMINARY CONSIDERATIONS Prior to consideration of steps or "gates" required to "qualify" a candidate material, issues such as environmental constraints, personnel safety constraints, availability/cost, etc., should be resolved. The first major category in figure 1 is denoted as "prequalification." These "prequalification" concerns do not necessarily require testing, thus the direct expenditure of funds; analysis of existing information from sources such as product literature, Occupational Safety and Health Administration/Environmental Protection Agency (OSHA/EPA) regulations, existing data bases, etc., may be sufficient. If a candidate cleaner does pass the prequalification screening process, it may then be considered for qualification. A candidate material/chemical successfully negotiating the prequalification screening process is ready for closer scrutiny and consideration for qualification. Qualification entails generation of sufficient relevant data to assure that the selected cleaning candidate will successfully and consistently achieve the desired results without unexpected long-term deleterious effects on personnel, hardware, environment, or budget. The qualification gates presented herein should be all inclusive in most instances. Some may not apply to specific circumstances or applications; however, all require careful consideration. QUALIFICATION PROCESS CHECKPOINTS Cleanine Performance--Includes definition of contaminants being removed, solubility factors, and loading capacities of the cleaning/verification media. Maintenance of the cleaning media within specification limits should be given careful consideration for cost and scheduling impacts. En_l Item Cleanliness Levels--Defines how clean the resultant hardware must be to assure usability. Quantitative and/or qualitative criteria must be determined. Validation/Test Methodologies---Identifies how hardware cleanliness is to be verified. Quantitative data may include analysis of cleaner residues, solution pH, chemical analysis of the residual cleaner, nonvolatile residue (NVR), particle count/dimensions, mechanical tests (i.e., bondline tests such as lap shear, etc.), and oxygen compatibility testing (e.g., liquid oxygen/gaseous oxygen (lox/gox) impact tests, etc.). Qualitative information may include visual inspections, water break testing, chemical species detection, etc. $ubstrate Issues--Intends to preclude deleterious/latent effects on the hardware.
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i--=° O_ C3 c_ ct_ "3 ,< =. ('3 0 R P_. P Personnel Safety-MSDS Handling Issues; EPA Issues Abatement Issues Chemical Properties- Stability/Impurities/Vapor Pressure etc. Physical Properties- State vs. Temperature Special Air Handling; Field vs. ) Issues Contaminant; Solubility Factors; Solvent Loading Capacities Level Validation/rest Methodologies Water Break Test Adhesion Light Chemical Analysis pH alysis hal Attenuation NVR Particle Count Mechanical Test Electronic Methods en Compatability Functional TestJnc Metalllcs Corrosion SSC Embrittlement Mask crack Indic. Surface Finish Non-Metallics Crazing Reversion Hardness Change Set Ionic Contamination Electrical Charge NVR/Partlcle Elipsometry Chemical Reactivity Faying Surfaces Complex Geometries Blind Holes Effects of Multiple Cleaning Cycles Statistical Analysis Analysis of Variance /
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APPROVAL GUIDELINES FOR QUALIFYING CLEANING AND VERIFICATION MATERIALS By D. Webb The information in this report has been reviewed for technical content. Review of any information concerning Department of Defense or nuclear energy activities or programs has been made by the MSFC Security Classification Officer. This report, in its entirety, has been determined to be unclassified. P.H. SCHUERER Director, Materials and Processes Laboratory 5
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Form Approved REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE OMB NO. 0704-0188 Public rel_X)rtlRg Durden for this collection of infofmat=on is estlmate_ tO a_erage I hour per response, including the time for rev=ewlng instructions, searchmg exlst=ng data sources, gathermg and mam%alning the data needed, and completing and reviewing :he collect!on of in_ormatlon. Send comments rec_arding this burden estimate or any other aspect 01 this collection of information, including suggestions for reducing this burden, to Washington Headquarters Services, Directorate Tof Information Otoeratlons and Reports, 1215 Jefferson Davis Highway, Suite 1204. Arlington, VA 22202-4302. and to the Office of Management and Budget, Paperwork Reduction Pro ect {0704-0188), Washington, DC 20503 1. AGENCY USE ONLY (Leave blank) 2. REPORT DATE January 1995 4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE Guidelines for Qualifying Cleaning and Verification Materials 6. AUTHOR(S) D. Webb 7. PERFORMINGORGANIZATIONNAME(S)ANDADDRESS(ES) George C. Marshal Space Flight Center Marshall Space Flight Center, Alabama 35812 3. REPORTTechnicalTYPEANDDATESMemorandumCOVERED 5. FUNDING NUMBERS 8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NUMBER ADDRESS(ES) 10. SPONSORING / MONITORING 9. SPONSORING/MONITORINGAGENCYNAME(S)AND National Aeronautics and Space Administration Washington, DC 20546 11. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES AGENCY REPORT NUMBER NASA TM-108474 Prepared by Materials and Processes Laboratory, Science and Engineenng Directorate. 12a. DISTRIBUTION / AVAILABILITY STATEMENT Unclassified--Unlimited 13. ABSTRACT (Maximum 200words) 12b. DISTRIBUTION CODE This document is intended to provide guidance in identifying technical issues which must be addressed in a comprehensive qualification plan for materials used in cleaning and cleanliness verification processes. Information presented herein is intended to facilitate development of a definitive checklist that should address all pertinent cleaning/verification media. 14. SUBJECTTERMS cleaning, verification, qualification 17. SECURITY CLASSIFICATION 18, SECURITY CLASSIFICATION OF REPORT OF THIS PAGE Unclassified Unclassified NSN 7540-01-280-5500 materials issues when down selecting a 1S. NUMBER OF PAGES 9 16. PRICE CODE I¢£TS 19. SECURITY CLASSIFICATION 20. LIMITATION OF ABSTRACT OF ABSTRACT Unclassified Unlimited Standard Form 298 (Rev 2-89) Prescrlt_'_i by ANSI Std Z3g-18 298-102
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