Work overview

Section 05 of 10

Conclusions

Effects of Adding Incentive Spirometry to Hospital‐Based Cardiovascular Rehabilitation on Pulmonary Complications, Hospital Length of Stay, and Clinical‐Functional Recovery After Cardiac Surgery: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Bruna Elise da Silva Messias, Thamires Alessandra Silveira da Silva, Rafaela Anversa Schreiner, Letícia Torres, Jéssica Bischoff, Taís Flores de Oliveira, Vinicius Peringer, Francine Manara Bortagarai, Mateus Diniz Marques, Bruna Eibel, and Carine Cristina Callegaro · 2026

Contents

Section 05 of 10

  1. 01Introduction
  2. 02Methods
  3. 03Results
  4. 04Discussion
  5. 05Conclusions
  6. 06Funding
  7. 07Ethics Statement
  8. 08Consent
  9. 09Conflicts of Interest
  10. 10Supporting information
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Work overview

Section 5 of 10

Conclusions

Bruna Elise da Silva Messias, Thamires Alessandra Silveira da Silva, Rafaela Anversa Schreiner, Letícia Torres, Jéssica Bischoff, Taís Flores de Oliveira, Vinicius Peringer, Francine Manara Bortagarai, Mateus Diniz Marques, Bruna Eibel, and Carine Cristina Callegaro · about 1 minutes

Original source ↗

This study showed that IS + CR compared with CR alone may not reduce PPCs, hospital length of stay, or improve clinical‐functional recovery in individuals undergoing cardiac surgery. These findings suggest that IS may not provide additional benefits when delivered alongside a structured rehabilitation program. Future randomized controlled trials with larger sample sizes are warranted to confirm these findings.