Conclusions

Mortality rates among patients undergoing non-traumatic major amputations have remained persistently high over the last 15 years. This sustained burden is particularly pronounced among high-risk subgroups, including older females and patients with chronic kidney disease. These findings underscore the urgent need for comprehensive risk assessments and optimized perioperative management to improve survival outcomes. Ultimately, refining regional prevention strategies for diabetic foot complications and ensuring timely clinical intervention for ischemia are critical pathways to reducing these mortality rates.