Conclusions

Within the limitations of this in vitro controlled study, Er,Cr:YSGG laser irradiation produced the greatest reduction in viable _Staphylococcus aureus _counts on contaminated Straumann SLA tissue-level implant surfaces (SP WN, 4.8 mm × 10 mm). GalvoSurge electrolytic cleaning and 0.12% CHX also reduced bacterial load compared with untreated controls, with comparable reductions between these two approaches under the present experimental conditions. These findings support further investigation of laser-assisted and electrolytic decontamination strategies as potential adjunctive approaches for peri-implantitis management. However, further validation using multispecies biofilm models, different implant surface configurations, and analyses of potential surface alterations and thermal effects following treatment is required. Future clinical studies evaluating re-osseointegration potential and long-term peri-implant tissue outcomes are necessary before translating these in vitro findings into clinical recommendations.