Conclusions

In this sample of community-dwelling older adults, better OHRQoL was most clearly associated with lower emotional loneliness. Smaller associations were observed with subjective sleep quality and dream recall frequency. Given the cross-sectional design, self-reported measures, modest effect sizes, residual confounding, and the exploratory nature of the analyses, no causal or clinical conclusions can be drawn.

The findings support further investigation of OHRQoL within broader relational and sleep-related contexts in later life. In particular, the weak association with dream recall frequency requires independent replication using validated multidimensional measures before any theoretical or practical significance can be attributed to it.