Conclusions

In this retrospective cross-sectional study of patients with T2DM, type of antidiabetic treatment was significantly associated with glycemic control. Patients receiving oral antidiabetic therapy had higher odds of achieving adequate glycemic control compared with those receiving combined insulin plus oral antidiabetic therapy, even after adjustment for age, duration of T2DM, and BMI. However, this finding should not be interpreted as evidence that oral antidiabetic therapy is superior to combined insulin plus oral antidiabetic therapy, since patients requiring insulin had a longer duration of diabetes and likely represented a more clinically advanced population.

Longer duration of T2DM was independently associated with lower odds of glycemic control, emphasizing the progressive nature of the disease and the importance of timely therapeutic optimization. These findings highlight the need for early treatment intensification, individualized follow-up, and closer monitoring of patients requiring combined insulin plus oral antidiabetic therapy in order to improve glycemic outcomes in real-world clinical practice.